Reduction reactions Diisobutylaluminum hydride

Another approach to the lycorane skeleton involving an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction commenced with the conversion of the unsaturated nitrile 138 to the imine 139 by sequential reduction with diisobutylaluminum hydride followed by condensation with but-3-enylamine (Scheme 13) (118). When 139 was acy-lated with chloroethyl chloroformate in the presence of Hiinig base and the resulting dienamide heated at 140°C, the bicyclic carbamate 141 was isolated. If it is assumed that the Diels-Alder reaction proceeded via an exo transition state,... 

The Introduction of the side chain containing carbon atoms 16 to 11 was accomplished as shown In Scheme 2. Selective tosylatlon of 9A followed by displacement with cyanide ion and protection of the 19 alcohol with tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) chloride gave 11. Subsequent reduction with diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL) and hydrolysis gave the aldehyde 12. Wittig reaction of 12 with (carbethoxyethyl i dene) tri phenl ypfiosphorane provided the o,b... 

Although the reaction of l-propyl-2-trimethylsilylcyclopropene with lithium aluminum hydride leads to a 70 30 cisjtrans mixture of the corresponding 1,2-disubstituted cyclopropanes (95%), the corresponding reduction with diisobutylaluminum hydride leads only to the c/j-isomer (85%). The reactions have been shown to proceed through a 1-trimethylsilylcyclopropyl anion which can be trapped efficiently by quenching with deuterium oxide. ... 

The remaining and chiral four-carbon building block (5 )-F was prepared from ethyl (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate by protection with TBS chloride, reduction with diisobutylaluminum hydride, and oxidation with PCC. Aldol reaction of E and (S )-F furnished G. The aldol G was oxidized with Dess-Martin periodinane, and the resulting diketone H was treated with acid to give I. Deprotection of I gave (S)-141, which was levorotatory. The absolute configuration of the naturally occurring (-)-neuchromenin was thus determined as S. 

The absolute control of configuration at the carbinol carbon of [5-methyl-2-(l-methyl-l-phenylelhyl)cyclohexyl] 2-hydroxy-4-octenoate (Table 4, entry 2), was determined to be S by conversion of the ene reaction product by reduction with diisobutylaluminum hydride to... 

In two separate routes the aminoepoxides were obtained by highly stereoselective methods. Chlorination of iV -benzoylquinotoxine (5) with iV -chlorodiisopropylamine in 100% phosphoric acid in the dark gave an amorphous mixture of the epimeric a-chloroketones 85 and 86 (Scheme 8) [10). Reduction with sodium borohydride or with lithium tri-i-butoxyaluminum hydride afforded stereoselectively a mixture of the threo chlorohydrins 87 and 88. Treatment of 87 and 88 with aqueous potassium hydroxide at 20°C gave smoothly a mixture of the erythro iV-benzoylepoxides 89 and 90. The benzoyl groups were removed reductively with diisobutylaluminum hydride to give the aminoepoxides 81 and 82 which were cyclized in refluxing toluene-methanol (100 1). This reaction yielded 9-ep -quinine (12) and 9-epi-quinidine (13) in a ratio of 2 1. The overall yield of 12 and 13 from 87 and 88 was 50%. Only traces of the erythro products quinine and quinidine were observed. 

The direct reaction of 2-trimethylsilylmethyl-1,3-butadiene with isovaleraldehyde gives ( )-ipsenol (2-methyl-6-methylene-7-octen-4-ol) in rather low yield (30%) (eq 5). However, ipsenol is obtained in 62% overall yield by the reaction of 2-trimethylsilylmethyl-1,3-butadiene with isovaleryl chloride, followed by reduction with diisobutylaluminum hydride (eq 7). Similarly, ( )-ipsdienol (2-methyl-6-methylene-2,7-octadien-4-ol) is obtained by reduction of myrcenone, prepared by the reaction of 2-trimethylsilylmethyl-1,3-butadiene with 3,3-dimethylacryloyl chloride, in 75% overall yield (eq 8). 

The most recent formal synthesis of (—)-swainsonine (378) to invoke the C-l/C-2 bond-forming approach, byjung and coworkers, used D-erythro-nolactone protected as the bis(benzyl) ether 431 as the chiral educt (Scheme 60). " Although reduction with diisobutylaluminum hydride and Wittig reaction of the resulting lactol with benzylidenetriphenylphosphorane gave a mixture of cis- and fra s-alkenes, isomerization with thiophenol and AIBN produced the fraws-alkene (+)-432 exclusively. Swem oxidation... 

Starting from 149, novel carba-sugar pentaacetates of the P-L-allo (168) and a-u-manno (171) configuration have been synthesized. Reduction of 149 with diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL-H) and acetylation gave a mixture of acetates 162 and 163. Hydroxylation of the mixture with osmium tetraoxide and hydrogen peroxide provided compounds 164 and 165 in the ratio of 9 1. Hydrolysis of 164 gave compound 166, which was transformed into 168 by a reaction analogous to that employed in the preparation of 157 from 153. 

MISCELLANEOUS BENZOHETEROCYCLES Partial reduction of lactone 166 (using for example diisobutylaluminum hydride in the cold) affords lactol 167. Condensation with nitromethane leads to the corresponding alkylated tetrahydrobenzopyran 170. The sequence probably starts by aldol reaction of the hydroxylactone form of the lactol (168) with nitrome thane to give the vinyl nitro intermediate 169 ... 

Perlmutter used an oxymercuration/demercuration of a y-hydroxy alkene as the key transformation in an enantioselective synthesis of the C(8 ) epimeric smaller fragment of lb (and many more pamamycin homologs cf. Fig. 1) [36]. Preparation of substrate 164 for the crucial cyclization event commenced with silylation and reduction of hydroxy ester 158 (85-89% ee) [37] to give aldehyde 159, which was converted to alkenal 162 by (Z)-selective olefination with ylide 160 (dr=89 l 1) and another diisobutylaluminum hydride reduction (Scheme 22). An Oppolzer aldol reaction with boron enolate 163 then provided 164 as the major product. Upon successive treatment of 164 with mercury(II) acetate and sodium chloride, organomercurial compound 165 and a second minor diastereomer (dr=6 l) were formed, which could be easily separated. Reductive demercuration, hydrolytic cleavage of the chiral auxiliary, methyl ester formation, and desilylation eventually led to 166, the C(8 ) epimer of the... 

An alternative access to murrayanine (9) was developed starting from the mukonine precursor 609. The reduction of the ester group of 609 using diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL) afforded the benzylic alcohol 611. In a one-pot reaction, using very active manganese dioxide, 611 was transformed to murrayanine (9) (574) (Scheme 5.36). 

A structurally unusual 3-blocker that uses a second molecule of itself as the substituent on nitrogen is included here in spite of the ubiquity of this class of compounds. Exhaustive hydrogenation of the chromone (13-1) leads to a reduction of both the double bond and the carbonyl group, as in the case of (11-2). The car-boxyhc acid is then reduced to an aldehyde (13-2) by means of diisobutylaluminum hydride. Reaction of that intermediate with the ylide from trimethylsulfonium iodide gives the oxirane (13-3) via the addition-displacement process discussed earlier (see Chapters 3 and 8). Treatment of an excess of that epoxide with benzylamine leads to the addition of two equivalents of that compound with each basic nitrogen (13-4). The product is then debenzylated by catalytic reduction over palladium to afford nebivolol (13-5) [16]. The presence of four chiral centers in the product predicts the existence of 16 chiral pairs. 

Examples of both hydroboration55 and diisobutylaluminum hydride reduction of x-enam-inocyclobutanone to the alkyl-substituted cyclobutanonc56 have also appeared. Only scarce experimental details appear in the literature for these reactions. 

Polystyrene-bound carboxylic esters have been reduced with diisobutylaluminum hydride or lithium aluminum hydride. Use of the latter reagent can, however, lead to the formation of insoluble precipitates, which could readily cause problems if reactions are performed in fritted reactors. An alternative procedure for reducing carboxylic esters to alcohols involves saponification, followed by activation (e.g. as the mixed anhydride) and reduction with sodium borohydride (Entries 10 and 11, Table... 

Oxidation reactions r-Butyl hydroperoxide-Dialkyl tar-trate-Titanium(IV) isopropoxide, 51 m-Chloroperbenzoic acid, 76 Reduction reactions Chlorodiisopinocampheylborane, 72 Diisobutylaluminum hydride-Tin(II) chloride- (S) -1 - [ l-Methyl-2-pyrrolidi-nyljmethylpiperidine, 116 Lithium borohydride, 92 Lithium tri-sec-butylborohydride, 21 B-3-Pinanyl-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]-nonane, 249... 

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