Reduced partitioning parameter

Two parameters, the redistribution index (Uts) and the reduced partitioning parameter (IR), are used to describe the redistribution processes of trace elements in contaminated arid soils (Figs. 6.5-6.6) (Han et al., 2003a). The redistribution index depicts the removal or attainment of element-contaminated soils from or to the fractional distribution pattern characteristic of non-amended soils. However, the reduced partitioning parameter quantifies the relative binding intensity of trace elements in soils. 

This is an alternative definition of the Lanczos parameter (%, that is equivalent to Eq. (54). The expression (61) shows that p +1 is proportional to the squared norm of the state (U(r) - aJilV j - pn fn 4). Note that the Lanczos algorithm is closely related to the so-called reduced partitioning procedure [16,19]. 

Using 4-cyanophenol (CP) as a model compound, ATR-IR has been applied following an approach pubhshed by Pirot et al. (1997). The SC distribution profile of the chemical following its relatively short-term contact, via contaminated soil, with the skin has been detomined and used to obtain diffusion and partitioning parameters. In addition, the results have permitted the hypothesis that a significant mass transfer resistance exists across the soil—skin interface, reducing thereby the rate and extent of chemical absorption following short-term contact. 

We have already encountered the ir, a, and p quantities. The 8h term is inserted to account for the cavity effect. Equation (8-80) is a 12-parameter equation for which considerable generality is claimed, in that it is said to be applicable to chemical rates and equilibria, spectra, solubilities, partition coefficients, and even biological responses. Usually, of course, by judicious selection of solvents, it is possible to reduce the number of parameters by ensuring that some terms are negligible.An example requiring most of the parameters in Eq. (8-80) is the solvolysis/dehydrohalogenation of r-butyl chloride in 21 HBD and non-HBD solvents, for which this correlation was found ... 

From a survey of the literature in chemically modified electrodes [13], one can identify simple phenomenological models that have been very successful for the analysis of a particular aspect of the experimental data. Such models are, for instance, the Dorman partition model [24, 122], the Laviron [158], Albery [159] and Anson models [127] to account for the nonideal peak width, the Smith and White model for the interfacial potential distribution [129], and so on. Most of these models contain one or more adjustable parameters that give some partial information about the system. For example, the lateral interaction model proposed by Anson [127] provides a value for the lateral interactions between oxidized and reduced sites, but does not explain the origin of the interactions, neither does it predict how they depend on the experimental conditions or the polymer structure. In addition, none of these models provide information on the interfacial structure. 

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