Redox enzyme relay-functionalized monolayer

Electrical Wiring of Redox Enzymes by Relay-Functionalized Monolayer Assemblies... 

The reconstitution of apo-enzymes on relay-cofactor monolayer-functionalized electrodes was used to align redox enzymes and to establish electrical contact... 

The electrochemical contacting of solution-state enzymes with siuTace-immobilized redox-mediators is of interest for studying the interfacial association affinity interactions between enzymes and mediators. The electrochemical kinetics of electrodes functionalized with layers of various mediators (e.g. viologens [59], Ceo-derivatives [60], microperoxidase-11 [61]) have been studied upon their interaction with diffusionally free enzymes. Some relay-functionalized interfaces demonstrate MET without a significant amount of association of the enzyme molecules with the relay-modified surfaces. For example, a Ceo monolayer-functionalized Au-electrode has been applied to contact soluble GOx (Fig. 3a) [60]. CV revealed an efficient electrocatalytic current developed by the Ceo-modified electrode in the presence of GOx and glucose (Fig. 3b) [60], dependent on the glucose concentration (Fig. 3b, inset). However, kinetic analysis... 

Bioelectronics is another apphcation area, in which rotaxanes, particularly redox-active rotaxanes, could make a significant impact Enzyme electrodes are altered in these apphcations by direct electron transfer between the electrode surface and the redox enzyme. Electronic communication between the surface and the redox enzyme centers is hindered, because a separation exists. This impediment can be circumvented by aligning the enzyme with the electrode and utilizing the redox relay units as go-betweens. The aforementioned concept has been exploited to associate an apoprotein, apo-gjucose oxidase (apo-GOx), onto relay-functionalized materials including flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) monolayers, nanoparticles, and carbon nanotubes [85-88]. Katz etal. used reversible redox-active rotaxane shuttles in the bioelectrocatalyzed oxidation of glucose [80]. 

Electrochemistry of Enzymes at Electrodes Functionalized with Monolayers of Redox Relays... 

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