Recreational drug use

History (previous crises, previous medications, recreational drug use), physical examination (mandatory fundoscopic examination, blood pressure on all limbs), urinalysis, and electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, peripheral blood smear, complete blood count, electrocardiogram (ECG), chest X-ray, and head CT... 

The patient works as a secretary. She lives with her fiancee. She denies any tobacco or recreational drug use. She drinks about five alcoholic beverages per week. She is sedentary. 

Debate whether recreational drug use should be considered as a legal issue or as a health and well-being issue. 

Binsinger. Drugs, recreational drug use and attitudes towards doping of high school athletes. Int J Sports Med 2004 25(2) 133-138. 

Raves are dance parties populated by teenagers. Teens have described them to me as stress-free events in which young people can exuberantly express themselves through dance. Raves are often associated with recreational drug use. 

Lee is 19 and works for a sports equipment firm. From the age of 16 he had used cannabis, LSD, amphetamines and ecstasy, but he claimed that none of this use had been heavy. He would use amphetamine, orally, about once every two weeks, and he liked to have one ecstasy tablet if he went to a nightclub. Ecstasy is the drug he would most want to continue, although he has been made aware of the risks. He has always kept himself fit, and sees recreational drug use as a normal thing for his generation. 

Most of the men surveyed by Colfax reported using at least one recreational drug when attending an out-of-town circuit event, and though these results are not typical of gay men in general, within this subset of the community, recreational drug use appears to be the norm. 

Oxycodone can be addictive when taken in dosages higher than those prescribed by a doctor or when taken for nonmedical purposes (i.e., recreational drug use). For these reasons, people with a prior history of other drug abuse may be advised not to take oxycodone. 

Her past medical history was unremarkable, and she was not currently taking any medications. She had regular menstrual periods and denied smoking, alcohol use, or recreational drug use. The patient s father had type 2 diabetes, and he was concerned that some of her symptoms were similar to what he experienced at the time his diabetes was diagnosed. 

Environmental factors have been shown to be important triggers for expression of autoimmunity and have been suggested to both induce onset and modulate disease severity. Lifestyle factors such as diet, smoking, therapeutic and recreational drug use, infection with certain bacteria and viruses, and exposure to UV radiation and environmental chemicals have all been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. 

A postal survey of the incidence of psychiatric disturbances in 2500 returning Israeli travellers (505) showed that travellers with this class of adverse effects were more likely to have taken mefloquine than other antimalarial drugs. Of 117 travellers with psychiatric adverse effects, 115 had taken mefloquine compared with 948/1340 for the entire cohort. This was a retrospective postal study with a response rate of 54% (1340 out of 2500), and of those who responded 71% had taken mefloquine, 5% had taken chloroquine, and 24% had taken no prophylaxis. In this study 11% (117) of the respondents reported psychiatric disturbances, mainly sleep disturbance, fatigue, vivid dreams, or lack of mood. Only 16 of the respondents had symptoms lasting 2 months or more. Those who had had a psychiatric disturbance were also more likely to have been female and to have taken recreational drug use. 

Primary intracerebral hemorrhage is more common than subarachnoid hemorrhage, and its incidence increases with age (see Fig. 1.1). It is more frequent in Southeast Asian, Japanese and Chinese populations than in whites. The most common causes are intracranial small vessel disease, which is associated with hypertension, cerebral amyloid angiopathy and intracranial vascular malformations (Sutherland and Auer 2006). Rarer causes include saccular aneurysms, hemostatic defects, particularly those induced by anticoagulation or therapeutic thrombolysis, antiplatelet drugs, infective endocarditis, cerebral vasculitis and recreational drug use (Neiman et al. 2000 O Connor et al. 2005). 

PernegerTV, Klag MJ, Whelton PK. Recreational drug use a neglected risk factor for end-stage renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis... 

Patterns of weekend and recreational drug use increasingly involve combinations of illicit and licit drugs, including alcohol and tranquillisers. 

Perneger TV, Klag MJ, Whelton PK. Recreational drug use a neglected risk factor for ESRD. Am J Kidney Dis 2001 38 49-56. Haskell LP, Glicklich D, Senitzer D. HLA associations in heroin-associated nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis 1988 12 45-50. 

Ricaurte EA and McCann UD (2005). Recognition and management of compheations of new recreational drug use. Lancet 365, 2137-2145. 

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