Recovery yield definition

The specific production, the production rate, and the recovery yield are used for the definition of objective functions. 

The essential chemical concepts are those that can be recovered in their entirety from physics. Their recovery yields unique definitions and the resulting physical understanding greatly increases their conceptual usefulness. An atom in a molecule, molecular structure, and electron localization are such concepts and they are the topics discussed in this article. 

It is not an exaggeration to say that the evaluation of mechanical separation process/equipment is performed based on the conception of yield and quality. For example, the widely used Newton efficiency is defined in the following manner. In the case of better separator, both the yield and the degree of quality improvement should have higher values. From another viewpoint, the recovery rate of useful component should have a higher value, and the intermix rate of the useless component into product should have lower values for the better separator. In other words, this definition is based on the concept that for a better separator,... 

Notice that the difference between the adiabatic wall temperature and the actual wall temperature is used in the definition so that the expression will yield a value of zero heat flow when the wall is at the adiabatic wall temperature. For gases with Prandtl numbers near unity the following relations for the recovery factor have been derived ... 

Recovery of the unreacted enantiomer affords much higher optical purities than that obtainable for the product of the reaction for a given yield. For a discussion and definition of the E value see C. S. Chen, C.J. Sih, Y. Fujimoto, G. Gir-daukas, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 7294. 

The oil yield and the quality of the oil can be improved by enzymes with pecti-nolytic and cellulosolytic activity (Di Giovacchino 1996). Micronised mineral talc is used in Spain for hard pastes to increase oil yields. Talc reduces oil/water emulsions and increases the recovery of free oil. However the use of coadjuvants is not in accordance with the legal definition of virgin olive oil and the oil must be obtained from the fruits solely by mechanical or other physical means. 

Membrane Process for Recovery of Alkanesulfonates. Many attempts have been made over the years to reduce the wastewater load—which represents a loss of product—by a number of different methods. These include evaporation, extraction, reverse osmosis, and ultrafiltration. All of these processes have the disadvantage of high equipment cost and high energy requirements, and the space-time yield is low. The first breakthrough came with the development of new types of membrane with a definite separating efficiency and a large surface area, so-called spiral-wound modules. 

Another development was sponsored by Fryma-Maschinenbau GmbH, BASF and Westfaha Separator AG . This centrifuge was designed to produce fine product which has no particles above a preselected size (e.g. 4 microns) present and in that it succeeded. However, it did that at a cost of extremely low fine product yield less than 1% of solids was recovered as fine product yet there was 20% present in the feed The machine run with the split ratio R (see section 3.4.1 for the definition) 70.8% which led to the coarse recovery of 99.2%. The particle size distributions presented in the paper did not allow grade efficiency evaluation because they were not in mass balance. 

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