Recoil transversal

Another method, based on an old idea about radiation pressure, uses the local separation of different isotopes in atomic or molecular beams. If the laser beam which crosses the molecular beam at right angles is tuned to an absorption line of a defined isotope in a molecular beam containing an isotopic mixture, the recoil from the absorption of the laser photons results in a small additional transverse velocity component. This leads to a beam deflection for the absorbing molecules which enables the desired isotope to be collected in a separate collector 154g)... 

Studies have been made of the stresses produced in several non-steady flow histories. These include the buildup to steady state of a and pu — p22 at the onset of steady shearing flow (355-35 ) relaxation of stresses from their steady state values when the flow is suddenly stopped (356-360) stress relaxation after suddenly imposed large deformations (361) recoil behavior when the shear stress is suddenly removed after a steady state in the non-linear region has been reached (362) and parallel or transverse oscillations superimposed on steady shearing flow (363-367). Experimental problems caused by the inertia and compliance of the experimental apparatus are much more severe than in steady state measurements (368,369). Quantitative interpretations must therefore still be somewhat tentative. Nevertheless, the pattern of behavior emerging is suggestive with respect to possible molecular flow mechanisms. 

An additional line ( two-transverse-photon-recoil line) appears to be ------------- ... 

The one-transverse-photon nuclear recoil correction corresponds to the diagrams shown in Fig. 2. One easily obtains... 

The two-transverse-photon nuclear recoil correction is defined by the diagram shown in Fig. 3. We find... 

Fig. 5. Two-electron one-transverse-photon nuclear recoil diagrams...

Fig. 6. Two-electron two-transverse-photon nuclear recoil diagram...

Complete construction plans for building a 60mm mortar/launcher, including baseplate,bipod with transverse and elevation adjustments and 60mm mortar bombs. Silent antitank weapon based on the new German Armbrust launcher, currently being considered by several NATO countries,including the US. All flash,smoke and noise is contained within the launch tube and both backblast and recoil are eliminated. 

An additional line ( two-transverse-photon-recoil line) appears to be... 

Another application is the deflection of atoms by photon recoil. For sufficiently good beam collimation, the deflection from single photons can be detected. The distribution of the transverse-velocity components contains information about the statistics of photon absorption [1207]. Such experiments have successfully demonstrated the antibunching characteristics of photon absorption [1208]. The photon statistic is directly manifest in the momentum distribution of the deflected atoms [1209]. Optical collimation by radial recoil can considerably decrease the divergence of atomic beams and thus the beam intensity. This allows experiments in crossed beams that could not be performed before because of a lack of intensity. 

The transit-time broadening can greatly be reduced by the optical Ramsey method of separated fields. The best resolution of the recoil splittings has indeed been achieved with this technique (Sect. 14.4). The transit time can also be increased if only molecules with small transverse velocity components contribute to the Lamb dip. If the laser intensity is kept so small that saturation of the molecular transition is reached only for molecules that stay within the laser beam for a sufficiently long time, that is, molecules with small components Vx, Vy, the transit-time broadening is greatly reduced [14.11]. 

An interesting application of atomic deflection by photon recoil is the collimation and focussing of atomic beams with lasers [14.28], Assume atoms with the velocity v = Vx Vj,0,v pass through a laser resonator, where an intense, standing optical wave in the x-direction is present. If the laser frequency Wl is kept slightly below the atomic resonance frequency o o (7 > 0) atoiws with transverse-velocity components v ... 

This uniform distribution is achieved by having the exciting electron beam coaxial with the atomic beam. Early experiments with transverse electron beam excitation led to atom recoil and serious systematic effects due to non-uniform velocity distributions over the beam cross-section. The mean radiative lifetime is determined by taking the ratio of the number of metastable atoms in the same velocity interval at the two spatially separated detectors since... 

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