Recent species

The most recent species to be studied with respect to cholinergic REM sleep enhancement is mouse (Lydic et al, 2002). Microinjection of neostigmine into the pontine reticular formation of C57BL/6J (B6) mouse has now been shown to cause a REM sleep-like state (Fig. 5.3). REM sleep also can be enhanced in B6.v-lepob... 

Semiempirical Calculations. The CeH5N potential energy surface has received less attention from theoreticians than from experimentalists. Until recently, species on the reaction pathway for ring expansion of lb had been stud-... 

Fig. 28. Example of statistical variation between Middle-Upper Pleistocene and Recent species bivariate scattergram of the size proportion measurements of the lower third molar of various souslik species. 1. Cilellus citelloides. Upper Pleistocene 2. Citellus citellus. Recent 3. CUellus citelloides from the Middle Pleistocene.

Both quantitative and qualitative differences have been reported in the biotransformation of xenobiotics by different animal species (25, 26). Initially, indications for this phenomenon came primarily from toxicity studies with smil laboratory animals, showing species-differences in the sensitivity towards the toxic effects of a compound. In vivo studies have for example revealed a large difference between rats and mice in their sensitivity to the hepatotoxic and carcinogenic properties of aflatoxin (27). More recently, species-related differences in the biotransformation of compounds were shown in studies with isolated cellular fractions from livers of different animal species, including farm animals (28, 29, 30, 31, 32). 

Historically, coccolithophore biogeography has been based on the recognition of rather broadly defined fioral zones (e.g. McIntyre Be 1967) Subarctic, Temperate, Subtropical, Tropical and Subantarctic. More recently, species-specific biogeographies have been established (e.g. Ziveri et al. 2004), suggesting that the early floral zones, while broadly useful, are probably too simplistic. 

Isolation of C. difficile from substantial numbers of normal or diseased food animals was reported relatively recently. Species infected most commonly include piglets (Songer and Anderson, 2006), calves (Hammitt et ah, 2008 Rodriguez-Palacios et ah, 2006), and poultry (Shimango and Mwakurudza, 2008 Zidaric et ah, 2008). 

Grobe, P. and Luter, C. (1999) Reproductive cycles and larval morphology of three recent species of Argyrotheca (Terebratellacea Brachiopoda) from Mediterranean submarine caves. Marine Biology, 134, 595-600. 

Variation in the loops of two Recent species of Liotbyrella (Brachiopoda Terebratuloidea) from New Zealand and South Orkney Islands... 

Carlson, S.J. (1995) Phylogenetic relationships amongst brachiopods. Cladistics, 11,131-197. Chapman, B.E. and Richardson, J.R. (1981) Recent species of Neothyris (Brachiopoda Tere-bratellinae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 8,157-161. 

Table 2.4 Recent species-based studies of Leguminosae flavonoids using LC-MS. ...

Similarly, bumblebee populations have been on a considerable decline. Recently, species of AAB were identified in bumblebees as relevant bacteria of the gut microbiota (Cariveau et al. 2014), and in a recent pubhcation, Asaia astilbes, Commensalibacter intestini, and the newly described species Bombella apicola were isolated from bumblebees (Li et al. 2014). The type strain of Bombella apicola isolated from the red-tailed bumblebee Bombus lapidarius had a 96.5 % similarity with S. floricola on the 16S rRNA gene (Li et al. 2014). 

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