Real-Time Synthesis Control

Real-time synthesis of operating procedures. Most of the ideas and methodologies, presented in this chapter, are applicable to the a priori, off-line, synthesis of operating procedures. There is a need though to address similar problems during the operation of a chemical plant. Typical examples are the synthesis of operational response (i.e., operating procedure) to process upsets, real-time recovery from a fallback position, and supervisory control for constrained optimum operation. 

Manufacturing information systems for real-time process control in the lab and for efficient statistical process control, as well as the right number of lab trials, limits information losses between the plant and the labs. Parallel synthesis, such as units with online analytics in the lab, and the use of new technologies such as Micro Reaction Technology developed by Clariant and a few other companies for application in production mean a step change in reproducibility. 

Synthesis Toolkit real-time support is provided for Linux, SGI, and Windows95/ 98/2000/XP operating systems. Real-time functions include audio and MIDI input/output, and SKINI corrtrol input via sockets and/or pipes. Real-time SKINI control input via pipes is possible under Linux, SGI, and Windows2k/ XP only. Control inpnt and andio output options are typically specified as... 

The SmithSynthesizer and SmithCreator are systems devoted to laboratory synthesis. They are constituted by a closed rectangular waveguide section playing the role of cavity. They can use specific cylindrical tubes. Pressure and temperature sensors allow real-time monitoring and control of operating conditions. This system was a good solution for laboratory experiments. The SmithSynthesizer is described by Fig. 1.13. More details about the SmithSynthesizer could be found in Sect. 12.7 in Chapt. 12. 

Dynamic simulation, process control, real-time optimization Process synthesis, flowsheet convergence, simultaneous modular vs. equation-oriented... 

Fast LC-MS methods have been used to assess library quantity and purity, as well as to triage purification of compounds. Zeng et al. [51] developed one of the first fully automated analytical/preparative LC-MS systems for the characterization and purification of compound libraries derived by parallel synthesis. The system incorporated fast, reverse-phase LC/ESI-MS analysis (5-10 minutes). Post-data-acquisition purity assessment of compound ti-braries was performed automatically with software control. Compounds that were below a threshold level of purity were automatically purified with HPLC. The real-time purity assessment eliminated the need for postpurification analysis or pooling of fractions collected. 

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