Reactor models biochemical

The rapid development of biotechnology during the 1980s provided new opportunities for the application of reaction engineering principles. In biochemical systems, reactions are catalyzed by enzymes. These biocatalysts may be dispersed in an aqueous phase or in a reverse micelle, supported on a polymeric carrier, or contained within whole cells. The reactors used are most often stirred tanks, bubble columns, or hollow fibers. If the kinetics for the enzymatic process is known, then the effects of reaction conditions and mass transfer phenomena can be analyzed quite successfully using classical reactor models. Where living cells are present, the growth of the cell mass as well as the kinetics of the desired reaction must be modeled [16, 17]. 

Pagnanelli F, Beolchini F, Di Biase A, and Veglio F. Effect of equilibrium models in the simulation of heavy metal biosorption in single and two-stage UF/MF membrane reactor systems. Biochem Eng J, 2003 15(1) 27-35. 

By adopting a system approach, the book deals with a wide range of subjects normally covered in a number of separate courses— mass and energy balances, transport phenomena, chemical reaction engineering, mathematical modeling, and process control. Students are thus enabled to address problems concerning physical systems, chemical reactors, and biochemical processes (in which microbial growth and enzymes play key roles). 

Dey P, Pal P (2013) Modelling and simulation of continuous L (-I-) lactic acid production from sugarcane juice in membrane integrated hybrid-reactor system. Biochem Eng J 79 15-24. doi 10.1016/j.bej.2013.06.014... 

The performance of a biochemical reactor is designed and evaluated based the reaction rate equation. The rate of biomass generation is based on the Monod rate model ... 

Most biochemical reactors operate with dilute reactants so that they are nearly isothermal. This means that the packed-bed model of Section 9.1 is equivalent to piston flow. The axial dispersion model of Section 9.3 can be applied, but the correction to piston flow is usually small and requires a numerical solution if Michaehs-Menten kinetics are assumed. 

P. Albertos and M. Perez Polo. Selected Topics in Dynamics and Control of Chemical and Biochemical Processes, chapter Nonisothermal stirred-tank reactor with irreversible exothermic reaction A B. 1.Modelling and local control. LNCIS. Springer-Verlag, 2005 (in this volume). 

In an extensive study, Okamoto and co-workers [76-86] introduced a biochemical switching device based on a cyclic enzyme system in which two enzymes share two cofactors in a cyclic manner. Cyclic enzyme systems have been used as biochemical amplitiers to improve the sensitivity of enzymatic analysis [87-89], and subsequently, this technique was introduced into biosensors [90-93], In addition, cyclic enzyme systems were also widely employed in enzymic reactors, in cases where cofactor regeneration is required [94-107], Using computer simulations, Okamoto and associates [77,80-83] investigated the characteristics of the cyclic enzyme system as a switching device, and their main model characteristics and simulation results are detailed in Table 1.1, as is a similar cyclic enzyme system introduced by Hjelmfelt et al. [109,116], which can be used as a logic element. 

This study is also based on the cyclic enzyme system, butits leading concept is to accomplish practical implementation of this system using biomaterials. In this respect, the analytical models developed here are related to several biochemical reactors in which enzymic reactions take place. This practical approach cannot be found in the models reviewed [76-86,109-122]. 

The research was carried out on two main avenues. The first is a theoretical investigation in which analytical models were developed and their characteristics were studied by numerical simulations the second is experimental research in which systems designed and studied in the former part of the program were implemented as biochemical reactors. In the first stage of the research, analytical models were developed for both the basic system and the extended basic system. These models consider that the reactions take place... 

The networks considered in this study are of three main types (identified as A, B, and C), differing from one another by the mode of connection between the participating biochemical neurons (see Table 5.1). For each network considered, an analytical model was written describing the performance of the network in kinetic terms. As the first stage in this program, analytical models were developed for the case when the reactions of the biochemical networks take place in fed-batch reactors. It is envisaged that these models will be extended to packed bed reactors in the future. 

Mathematical Modeling of Biochemical Membrane Reactors Table 14.1 Expressions of the important biocatalytic reactions. 

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