Reactivity of metals

The ease with which an atom gains or loses electrons is termed die electronegativity of die element. Tabulation of die elements in order of ease hy which diey lose electrons is called die electrochemical series and is shown in Table 6.10. Chapter 4 explains die importance of diis to die formation and control of coiTosion, and Chapter 6 discusses die relevance to predicting reactivity of metals towards water and their potential to become pyrophoric. 

Application of Solid State Physics to Pyrotechnics Modification of the reactivity of metallic oxides by doping (Refs 56,86 96) may result in safer igniters, initiators and reaction mixts. 

Some aspects of the reactivity of metal ion-sulphur bonds. C. G. Kuehn and S. S. Isied, Prog. Inorg. Chem., 1980, 27,153-221 (317). 

The range of chemical reactivity of metals is wide, from the inertness of the platinum group to the extreme reactivity of some alkali metals. The order of metal reactivity follows essentially the order of the electrochemical series which is shown in Table 17.4 for the metals commonly deposited by CVD. 

The chemical reactivity of metallic Mg has been utilized in several ways. It is employed in the reduction step in the manufacture of Ti, in the deoxidation and desulfurization of steels and in the nodularization of cast iron. It has also been used for the preparation of photoengraving plates, in dry batteries, and as a sacrificial anode for cathodic protection of other metals. 

The reactivities of metal polysulfido complexes have previously been reviewed [2-4, 8]. In this section we describe some of the recent progress made in this area. 

Strassner T (2004) Electronic Structure and Reactivity of Metal Carbenes. 13 1-20 Strong LE, see Kiessling LL (1998) 1 199-231... 

Haimner B, Nprskov JK. 1995. Electronic factors determining the reactivity of metal surfaces. Surf Sci 343 211-220. 

Sham, T.-K. X-Ray Absorption Studies of Liquids Structure and Reactivity of Metal Complexes in Solution and X-Ray Photoconductivity of Hydrocarbon Solutions of Organometallics, 145, 81-106(1987). 

Although the high reactivity of metal-chalcogen double bonds of isolated heavy ketones is somewhat suppressed by the steric protecting groups, Tbt-substituted heavy ketones allow the examination of their intermolecular reactions with relatively small substrates. The most important feature in the reactivity of a carbonyl functionality is reversibility in reactions across its carbon-oxygen double bond (addition-elimination mechanism via a tetracoordinate intermediate) as is observed, for example, in reactions with water and alcohols. The energetic basis... 

In the list of reactivities of metals, Table 7-1, are all alkali metals more reactive than all alkaline earth metals, or are all elements of both groups of metals more active than any other metals ... 

Over the last decade the spectroscopy, photochemistry and reactivity of metal carbonyls has been a subject of intense interest. As a result of this research it has been found that metal carbonyls undergo a wide range of facile photochemical reactions [1,2]. 

In the preceding paper, Malcolm Chisholm (1) has presented a cogent case for the modeling by metal alkoxides of certain aspects of the structural chemistry and reactivities of metal oxides. The focus of this work has been the dinuclear and polynuclear alkoxides of molybdenum and tungsten, an area of research which has also attracted our interest 02-4) and upon which I would now like to take this opportunity to comment. 

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