Reactive Optical Brighteners

Since this t) e of optical brightener has two ester groups, it can be fixed in a polyester backbone (17). Actually, water-dispersible poly- 

4- Dimethoxy-6-(l -pyrenyl)-l,3,5-triazine l,4,-Bis(benzoxazol-2-yl)naphthalene 4,4 -Bis(2-methoxystyryl)biphenyl 

5- Bis(5-ferf-butyl-benzoxazol-2-yl)thiophene Benzenesulfonic acid, 2,2 -(l,2-ethenediyl)bis(5-((4-(bis(2-hydroxy- 

4 -Bis((4-anilino-6-morpholino-lA5-triazin-2-yl)amino)stil-bene-2,2 -disulfonate disodium salt (Tinopal ) (2,2 -l,2-Ethenediyldi-4,l-phenylene)bisbenzoxazole (Eastobrite ) 

---

Triazine derivatives play an important role as polymers, pesticides (herbicides), reactive dyes, optical brighteners and LIV absorbers. Some triazine compounds also exhibit important physiological properties in pharmaceutical applications. The parent compound has no industrial application, although it can be used to prepare a variety of other heterocyclic systems because it is a preparative alternative to hydrogen cyanide. The starting materials for the various applications are often melamine, cyanuric chloride and cyanuric acid. 

The starting material for many of the triazine-based fibre-reactive dyes is cyanuric chloride (cf. Houben-Weyl, Vol. 10/3, p 391 ff Vol. 11/1, p 70ff>- These dyes are prepared by nucleophilic displacement of one or two chlorine atoms with one or two dye molecules. As the last step, the product is bound to the textile by reacting the third chlorine with the hydroxy groups in cellulose fibre or with the amino functions in polyamides, wool, and silk. Many reviews are available.85 95 Cyanuric chloride is also used in the synthesis of optical brighteners.92 94... 

Triazines are well known and established as fiber-reactive dyes, optical brighteners, explosives, resins, and polymers . Pogosyan and Zaplishnyi have reviewed polymers which contain 1,3,5-triazine <83AKZ207>. 

The polyenes formed in these reactions cause discoloration through their absorption in the UV and visible spectra. Conventional formulations of PVC become perceptibly yellow at 5 kCy and deep brown at 25 kGy. Radiation-stable formulations of PVC usually incorporate free radical scavengers to compensate for the reactivity but often still require the inclusion of optical brighteners or blue tints to disguise the discoloration. 

As non-reactive stains we used a variety of uv absorbing and fluorescing compounds including the benzophenones and optical brighteners used in our experiments on polypropylene. The most successful reactive stain was dinitrofluorobenzene (IXIFB, Sanger s)... 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. CO, CO2, NOx NFPA Health 2, Flammability 2, Reactivity 0 Uses Buffer chemical intermediate for prod, of pharmaceuticals, textile auxs., coatings, optical brighteners, agrochems. solvent Manuf./Distrib. Aldrich http //www.sigma-aldrich.com, Atofina... 

Trichloro-l,3,5-triazine also serves as a component in the production of a wide range of reactive dyes and optical brighteners. An example of this is fluorescent brightener 28, produced by condensation of 2,4,6-trichloro-l,3,5-triazine with diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid, followed by replacement of the remaining chlorine atoms by the appropriate amino groups. 

A medium reactive, very bright colour, optically brightened high viscosity orthophthalic offering a short gel time and rapid hardness development in the manufacture of button sheets by the centrifugal casting method, b. 67% c. 1350-1700... 

Other chemicals. Oxidants are very non-specific in their reactivity. Therefore, the presence of chemicals susceptible to oxidation can affect oxidant performance. For example, many oxidants are known to react with dyes which results in a loss of oxidant and increased dye usage. Some oxidants can react with non-oxidising biocides. Some oxidants can even react with each other (e.g., hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide). Interferences with OBA (optical brighteners), starch, sizing, unbleached groundwood have been reported. 

Stabilizers UVA 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-p-cresol phenol, 2-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazole-2-yl)-6-(1,1 -dimethylethyl)-4-methyl- 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-bis(1 -methyl-1 -phenylethyl)phenol isopropenyl ethinyl trimethyl piperidol (cellulose diacetate), biphenyl cellulose (UV absorber fro paper), phenylbenzimid-azole (reactive stabilizer for application in cellulosic textiles) Optical brighteners 2,2 -(2,5-thiophenediyl)bis(5-tert-butyl-benzoxazole) Mixtures an ortho-hydroxy tris-aryl-s-triazine compound+hindered hydroxybenzoate compound+hindered amine compound containing a 2,2,6,6-tetraalkylpiperidine or 2,2,6,6-tetraalkylpiperazinone radical ... 

Metanilic acid, the trivial name for m-aminobenzenesulfonic acid (aniline-3-sulfonic acid), is made by sulfonation of nitrobenzene, followed by B6champ reduction. It is used in reactive dyes and optical bleaching agents, or brighteners, that are added to detergents. 

---