Reactive airways dysfunction

Woolf A, Shannon M Reactive airways dysfunction and systemic complaints after mass exposure to bromine. Environ Health Perspect 107(6) 507-509, 1999... 

Luo CJ, Nelson KG, Fishbein A Persistent reactive airway dysfunction s)mdrome after exposure to toluene diisocyanate. Br J Ind Mci 47 239-241, 1990... 

Experimental data support the conclusion that chlorine has both lethal and nonlethal effects in humans. Death can occur at high doses, and various effects, such as choking, coughing, and reactive airway dysfunction are seen at intermediate concentrations. Lower, nonlethal doses are associated with symptoms such as localized irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. There are no data available where people have been exposed to chlorine gas at concentrations of 1-5 ppm or greater for more than 8 h. 

There also are case reports of reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) associated with chlorine exposure (Alberts and do Pico 1996 Donnelly and FitzGerald 1990 Schonhofer et al. 1996). RADS is persistent hyper-reactivity of the airways that occurs after a single exposure to a high concentration of an irritant gas (Brooks et al. 1985). All reported RADS cases have resulted from accidental exposures in which exposure concentrations can be presumed to have been high. 

Brooks, S.M., M.A.Weiss, and I.L.Bernstein. 1985. Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome. Case reports of persistent airways hyperreactivity following high-level irritant exposures. J. Occup. Med. 27(7) 473-476. 

Boulet, L.P. 1988. Increases in airway responsiveness following acute exposure to respiratory irritants reactive airway dysfunction syndrome or occupational asthma Chest 94(3) 476-481. 

Promisloff, R.A., G.S.Lenchner, A.Phan, and A.V.Cichelli. 1990. Reactive airway dysfunction syndrome in three police officers following a roadside chemical spill. Chest 98(4) 928—929. 

Hu, H., Christiani, D. (1992). Reactive airways dysfunction after exposure to teargas. Lancet 339 1535. 

Persistent airway hyperreactivity after a single exposure to chemical irritant has been termed Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome (RADS) (Brooks et al, 1985). There is a strong likelihood of RADS among the victims of the gas exposure at Bhopal (Nemery, 1996) however, whether or not the exposed Bhopal population suffers from RADS has not been careftilly studied. 

Decker, W.J. (1988). Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome following a single acute exposure to chlorine gas (Abstract). Vet. Human Toxicol. 30 344. 

Two clinical cases of reactive airways dysfunction syndrome were reported after inhalation exposure in a hot tub where hydrobromic acid and bromine were generated from the disinfectant used. 

Brooks SM, Weiss MA, Bernstein IL. Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) Persistent asthma syndrome after high level exposures. Chest 1985 88(3) 376-84. 

Most household maintenance products contain mixtures of lipophiles and hydrophiles that can produce unanticipated toxic effects. Irritant-induced asthma is an example of such an effect. Solvent-based and waterborne paints contain solvents that are nonsensitizing irritants that are individually not known to induce asthma. Despite this, exposures to both types of paints have been shown to cause the asthma-like condition reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS).I13 14 RADS is discussed in detail in Chapterl8. 

Bardana EJ, Jr. Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment and insight into likely prognosis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1999 83 583 6. 

Palczynski D, Gorski P, Jakubowski J. The case of TDI-induced reactive airway dysfunction syndrome with the presence of specific IgE antibodies. Allergol Immunopathol 1994 22 80 2. 

Kern DG. Outbreak of the reactive airways dysfunction syndrome after a spill of glacial acetic acid. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991 144 1058-64. 

Lerman S, Kipen H. Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome. AFP 1988 38(6) 135-8. 

Matrat M, Laurence MF, Iwatsubo Y, et al. Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome caused by bromochlorodifluoromethane from fire extinguishers. Occup Environ Med 2004 61 712-14. 

Kipen HM, Blume R, Hutt D. Asthma experience in an occupational and environmental medicine clinic. Low dose reactive airways dysfunction syndrome. JOM1994 36(10) 1133-7. 

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