Reaction with isocyanatoethyl

Hydroxybutyl lignin, as well as lignin and lignin derivative-like model compounds, were chemically modified by reaction with isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (IEM). 

Methacrylate esters have been prepared by the reaction of methacrylic acid with epoxies such as the diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A (XXXVII) [37]. Methacrylate esters suitable for anaerobic adhesives have also been prepared by the reaction of glycidyl methacrylate (XXXVIII) with a hydroxyl-terminated polyester [38]. The reaction of isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (XXXIX) with polyols resulted in monomers that could be formulated into anaerobic adhesives and sealants [39]. 

The synthesis strategy for y/alcohols is depicted in Figurel 1,6a and 11.6b. 5/alcohols were converted into monomers or attached to polymer chains by several subsequent reactions. Etherification with allyl bromide resulted in allyl ethers [54] (Figure 11.6c). Phase transfer-catalyzed etherification of y/alcohols and p-(chloromethyl) styrene yielded y/styrene [35] (Figure 11.6d). By reaction with (meth)acryloyl chloride, sf (meth)acrylates were obtained, a method that was widely employed [36, 55, 56] (Figure 11.6e). Besides, the reaction of isocyanatoethyl (meth)acrylate with ... 

Developments in aliphatic isocyanates include the synthesis of polymeric aliphatic isocyanates and masked or blocked diisocyanates for appflcafions in which volatility or reactivity ate of concern. Polymeric aliphatic isocyanates ate made by copolymerizing methacrylic acid derivatives, such as 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate, and styrene [100-42-5] (100). Blocked isocyanates ate prepared via the reaction of the isocyanate with an active hydrogen compound, such as S-caprolactam, phenol [108-95-2] or acetone oxime. 

Graham, R. K. Preparation of graft copolymers by the reaction of primary amine-terminated polystyrene with copolymers containing /3-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate. J. Polymer Sci. 24, 367 (1957). 

The postintroduction of hydrophobes could offer an effective alternative to the mutual solubility problems (Chapter 20) encountered in chain-growth copolymerizations. The introduction of difunctional monomers that contain both unsaturation and isocyanate units (e.g., isocyanatoethyl methacrylate or m-isopropenyl a,a-dimethylbenzylisocyanate) with lower cost non-iso-cyanate-containing monomers (45) provides two routes for postmodification. One route could be the copolymerization with methyl acrylate, followed by the reaction of the isocyanate function with an ethoxylated surfactant, then hydrolysis of the methyl acrylate units. 

Because of its relatively low boiling point HDI is currently only supplied in the form of derivatives (trimer, allophanate, biuret, etc) (18). Polyrmeric aliphatic isocyanates are obtained by copolymerization of 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate and styrene (19). Hydroxyalkyl acrylates and methacrylates are used as monomers to form hydroxyl group containing polymers, which are cross-hnked with diisocyanates or blocked diisocyanates (20). The elusive parent dusocyanate, 0=C=N—N=C=0, is only stable at —75°C, and therefore it is not suitable as a monomer or comonomer in polymerization reactions (21). 

Crosslinking is an additional task for comonomers. N-methylol acrylamide fulfills this function in acrylic, vinyl acetate and styrene-butadiene latexes for textile binding. Glycidyl methacrylate can crosslink through reaction of its epoxide moiety with carboxyl or amino groups. Isocyanatoethyl methacrylate contains a reactive isocyanate group there are many others. 

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