Rapid cycle change

As a result, an insolnble transparent blue polymer film forms on the electrode. Electrochemical oxidation of the film in acetonitrile initiates a rapid color change from bine to pale gray, while redaction to the first or second cathodic waves causes the film to become pale green or orange, respectively. These electrochromic effects are stable and reversible when air and water are excluded, even after 30,000 rednction cycles. The material has potential uses in electrochromic or electroluminescent devices. 

Of the atypical antipsychotics, clozapine, olanzapine, and risperidone have been studied the most. Clozapine was used to treat 10 treatment refractory acutely manic patients and 15 schizomanic patients. Using reduction in the YMRS score as the outcome measure, 72% improved (non-rapid cycling, bipolar patients). Comparison of olanzapine (5-20 mg) with placebo showed significant reduction of the YMRS in 49% vs. 24% of subjects by 3 weeks, with significant change evident by the first week. In a trial comparing risperidone at 6 mg with haloperidol at 10 mg and low-dose lithium (800-1200 mg/day) efficacy was similar over the 28 days of the trial. 

Chen CK, Shiah IS, Yeh CB, Mao WC, Chang CC. Combination treatment of clozapine and topiramate in resistant rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. Clin Neuropharmacol 2005 28 136-8. 

Two patients, one with treatment-resistant rapid cycling bipolar disorder (36) and the other with severe mood changes during corticosteroid therapy (37), improved with olanzapine. 

In a study of sediment trap samples collected at a depth of 3,200 m in the Sargasso Sea, Bacon et al. (1985) found that the fluxes of several radionuclides exhibited a seasonal cycle in phase with the total mass flux of particles. Mass flux, in turn, was found to be closely coupled to the seasonal cycle of primary production in surface waters of this region (Deuser et al., 1981). Seasonally varying fluxes of radionuclides produced in the deep sea (e.g., Th, Pa, and °Pb) are inconsistent with the view that these nuclides are removed by scavenging to small particles which constitute the bulk of particle mass in the deep sea and which are inferred to sink at an average rate of several hundred meters per year (Section 6.09.3). A seasonal cycle in the flux of these nuclides implies that scavenging in the deep sea responds rapidly to changes in the export of particles from surface waters. 

More common in women, especially postpartum and postmenopausal Subclassified as early onset (initial rapid cycling) and late onset (change from "regular" to rapid cycles)... 

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