Rankine scale

The absolute temperature scale that corresponds to the Celsius scale is the Kelvin scale for the Fahrenheit scale, the absolute scale is called the Rankine scale. The Celsius scale reads 0 when the Kelvin scale reads 273 the Fahrenheit scale reads 0 when the Rankine scale reads 460. These relationships are shown in Figure 1. 

The Rankine scale is defined by shifting the Falirenlieit scale 460 Falirenlieit degrees, so tliat... 

The primary outcome of NINDS part II was a favorable outcome at 3 months, as assessed by four commonly used assessment scales the Barthel Index (BI), modihed Rankin Scale (mRS), Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), and NIHSS. A... 

FIGURE 3.2 Differences between IV rt-PA and placebo-treated patients on four assessment scales using data taken from part II of the 1995 NINDS trial. Values do not total 100% because of rounding. The odds ratio for a global favorable outcome with intravenous rt-PA was 1.7 (95% Cl 1.2-2.6, p = 0.008). The global favorable outcome was defined as NIHSS, 0-1 Barthel Index, 95-100 modified Rankin Scale, 0-1 and Glasgow Outcome Scale, 5. 

FIGURE 5.2 Clinical outcome of patients in the double-blind, proof-of-concept trial evaluating EPO in acute stroke, (a) Barthel Index (rhEPO vs. placebo, p < 0.05). (b) Modified Rankin Scale (rhEPO vs. placebo, p < 0.07) on day 30. Dead patients received the worst possible score. Evolution of lesion size of patients in the efficacy trial of Albumin in acute stroke, ((a-1) and DWI and (a-2) FLAIR.) (Reprinted with permission from reference 50.)... 

FIGURE 5.3 Continued) (b) Distribution of modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at 3 months in the lower (I-III) and higher (IV-VI) albumin dose tiers for the rt-PA and non-rt-PA cohorts. (Reprinted with permission from reference 57.)... 

Specific predictive factors for outcome after surgical intervention have not been well defined in the literature. In one prospective, multicenter observational study of 95 patients, the state of consciousness was the only predictive factor retained in a logistic regression analysis." In this study, there was a 2.8-fold increased risk for poor outcome for each increase on a three-step scale (awake/drowsy, somnolent/ stuporous, and comatose), and good outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score <2) were achieved in 86%, 76%, and 47% of patients within each group, respectively. 

Fibrinolytic agents. Intravenous fibrinolysis has been assessed in at least six major international studies. Streptokinase has been abandoned (haemorrhage) while rt-PA is given in the 3-6 hour therapeutic window (secondary analysis disclosed significant results on the RANKIN scale at 3 months (NINDS) and at 3 months (ECASS II)). 

RANKINE. A scale of absolute temperature based on Fahrenheit degrees. Temperatures on the Rankine scale are 9/5 (or 1.8) times those on the Kelvin scale. 

The zeros on the Kelvin and Rankine scales coincide and are termed the absolute zero of temperature. The absolute zero of temperature cannot be achieved by any finite process, as stated in the third law of thermodynamics. 

For sea water, which is the principal saline water being considered for conversion, the depression of the freezing temperature is closely approximated by taking K = 52.41 for the Kelvin scale (1) or K = 94.34 for the Rankine scale. 

In addition to the Kelvin and Celsius scales two others are in use by engineers in the United States the Rankine scale and the Fahrenheit scale. The Rankine scale is directly related to the Kelvin scale by... 

The Fahrenheit scale is related to the Rankine scale by an equation analogous to the relation between the Celsius and Kelvin scales. 

Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at assessment of < 3 (Wityk et al. 1994) or a score of < 2 on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 1 month. Such distinctions are problematic because the NIHSS score will vary with time after the stroke and the mRS at 1 month may increase if a minor stroke is followed by a major stroke. We take the pragmatic view that minor stroke includes those strokes mild enough for patients to be seen in an emergency outpatient setting or to be sent home after initial assessment and treatment in hospital. 

The Life Long After Cerebral Ischemia (LILAC) study reported near complete follow-up on 2473 participants from the Dutch TIA Trial (van Wijk et al. 2005). Mean age was 65 years and 759 had a TIA while the remainder suffered a minor stroke (defined as a score on the modified Rankin scale < 3) at enrolment. The trial recruited patients between 1986 and 1989, all of whom were assessed by a neurologist and randomized to two different dosages of aspirin. After a mean follow-up of 10.1 years, 1489 (60%) had died and 1336 (54%) had suffered at least one vascular event. At 10 years, the cumulative risk of recurrent stroke was 18.4% (95% Cl, 16.7-20.1), of first major vascular event was 44.1% (95% Cl, 42.0-46.1) and of death was 46.6% (95% Cl, 44.2-51.3). The corresponding figures for those presenting with TIA at inception (as opposed to minor stroke) were 35.8% (95% Cl, 32.3-39.3) for first vascular event and 34.1% (95% Cl, 30.7-37.4) for death. The 10-year risk of stroke... 

The Kelvin and Rankine scales are defined such that absolute zero has a value of 0 and the size of a degree is the same as a Celsius degree (Kelvin scale) or a Fahrenheit degree (Rankine scale). 

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