Range Profiles

Range or concentration profiles contain information about the distribution of the bombarding ions in the solid target. Since the mapping of the distribution in three 

The energy of the ions is responsible for the penetration depth and the depth distribution. 

An increase in dose slowly destroys the ordered crystal structure, leading to a distribution similar to the amorphous case. The channeling effect in polycrystalline material is much smaller compared with single crystals, b) At elevated temperature the diffusion of the implanted atoms very often leads to a broadening of the profile. In addition diffusion processes play a role at low temperatures during the irradiation, leading to radiation enhanced diffusion (Sect. 2.6). Fig. 7 illustrates the effect. 

Without going into further details, it should be mentioned that a number of techniques exist for shaping the concentration profile or achieving a more uniform profile  

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Condensate, or natural gasoline, is directly linked in value to that of crude oil. In many parts of the world it sells at a discount to the local marker crude oils because its boiling range profile does not easily fit into normal refinery operations - it contains too much light boiling fractions relative to typical crude oils. The discount is typically about l/bbl but for a given condensate there is considerable variability in the differential. If the octane is sufficient it may be used as a gasoline blend stock and this may make it more attractive than crude oil in some circumstances. 

Fig. 6. Range profiles of Kr in amorphous, polycrystalline and single crystal tungsten ...

Myers, D. J. "Range Profiles of Helium in Copper After Thermal... 

For comparison, Fig. 7.8 shows the range distribution of implanted Sb ions in Si. This data also represents the averaging of 5,000 ion histories. The range profile shows a peak concentration at about 285 A, approximately 100 A deeper than the damage peak. 

Now, the received one-dimensional signal, which is referred to as range profile, is generally presented by multiple impulses with gains pj and propagation delays t, where k... 

UWB-IR (a) waveform and the spectrum and (b) example of power range profile (1 GHz bandwidth). 

Figure 7.1b shows an example of received power range profile for a bandwidth of 1 GHz in a room (corresponding to 1 ns pulse). 

Next, each complex sample is applied to the inverse discrete Fomier transformation (IDFT) device in order to obtain an N-element synthetic range profile, which is called range spectrum. The N-element range spectrum is given by... 

Many instrumentation and early warning/BMD radars perform object classification based on radar signature measurements, for example, sorting reentry vehicle (RV) vs. decoy. This is usually obtained through deceleration of the body by the atmosphere, wake effects (mean and spread), microdynamic motion (nosetip precession), polarization, range profile, inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging, radar... 

Sato, Y, Nakamura, T., Aoshima, K. and Oda, Y. (2010) Quantitative and wide-ranging profiling of phospholipids in human plasma by two-dimensional liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 82, 9858-9864. 

In the case of calcium carbonate scale, indices are typically calculated at the highest expected temperature and highest expected pH—the conditions under which calcium carbonate is least soluble. In the case of silica, the opposite conditions are used. Amorphous silica has its lowest solubility at the lowest temperature and lowest pH encountered. Indices calculated under these conditions would be acceptable in many cases. Unfortunately, cooling systems are not static. The foulants silica and tricalcium phosphate are used as examples to demonstrate the use of operating range profiles in developing an in-depth evaluation of scale potential and the impact of loss of control. 

Building Monitoring Using a Ground-Based Radar, a tower monitoring. A selection of bins, to be processed Fig. 3 Range profile, intensity of the radar echoes as and analyzed, is marked a function of the range expressed in bins, obtained from... 

Building Monitoring Using a Ground-Based Radar, Fig. 6 Location of the seismometers ( 104 and 107) with respect to the building, and radar bins ( 53 and 69) selected from the range profile, to perform a radar data validation... 

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