Raman spectroscopy, detection

Raman spectroscopy detects the scattering of light, not its absorption. Superposed on the frequency of the scattered light are the frequencies of the molecular vibrations. The detection occurs in the IR spectral region while the excitation happens in the visible region. Since laser light sources have become well developed, Raman spectroscopy has become an important tool for the analysis of biomolecules. 

Raman Spectroscopy Detecting forged medieval manuscripts (Anal. Chem. 2002, 74, 3658-3661. "Analysis of Pigmentary Materials on the Vinland Map and Tartar Relation by Raman Microprobe Spectroscopy")... 

Spectroscopic methods, such as FT-infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy detect changes in molecular vibrational characteristics in noncrystalline solid and supercooled liquid states. Various nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, however, are more commonly used, detecting transition-related changes in molecular rotation and diffusion (Champion et al. 2000). These methods have been used for studies of the amorphous state of a number of sugars in dehydrated and freeze-concentrated systems (Roudaut et al. 2004). 

Chan JW et al (2006) Micro-Raman spectroscopy detects iudividual neoplastic and normal hematopoietic cells. Biophys J 90(2) 648-656... 

Photon counting PMTs dominated Raman spectroscopy detection until about 1985, but their use decreased sharply after the introduction of CCDs. A brief review of PMTs is provided here, partly as background for their modem singlechannel analog, the avalanche photodiode. 

Raman spectroscopy detection in capillary electrophoresis using running buffers containing silver colloidal solutions. Anal Chem 72 1866-1871, 2000. 

X HE VIBRATIONAL SPECTRUM of any material consists of two parts the infrared (IR) and Raman spectra. IR spectroscopy is sensitive to the changes in dipole moment that occur during the vibrations of atoms that are forming chemical bonds. Raman spectroscopy detects the polarizability tensor changes of the electron clouds that surround these atoms. These apparent differences in the physical principles of both effects have led to the development of these two distinctly different techniques. IR and Raman spectra complement each other. Because they are sensitive to the vibrations of atoms, they are called vibrational spectra. 

Nirode, W. R, Devault, G L., Sepaniak, M. J., and Cole, R. O., On-column surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy detection in capillary electrophoresis using running buffers containing silver colloidal solutions. Ana/. Chem., 72,1866, 2000. 

Lademann J, Caspers PJ, van der Pol A, Richter H, PatzeltA,ZastrowL,et al. In vivo Raman spectroscopy detects increased epidermal antioxidative potential with topically apphed carotenoids. Laser Phys... 

Figure 8 Resonance Raman spectroscopy detection of derivatized products of monosubtituted isomers of phenol. Note that no loss in selectivity is observed with the derivatization of the phenolic isomers. (Reprinted with permission from H Nakamura, K Yoshimori, JI Itoh, M Takagi, K Ueno. Characterization of trace phenols in water by a spot-test coupled with resonance Raman spectrometry. Mikrochim Acta 2 131-142, 1981. Copyright 1981 Springer-Verlag.)...

PA Walker III, MD Morris, MA Bums, BN Johnson. Isotachophoretic separations on a microchip. Normal Raman spectroscopy detection. Anal Chem 70 3766-3769, 1998. 

H. Wills, R. Kast, C. Stewart, R. Rabah, A. Pandya, J. Poulik, G. Auner and M. D. Klein, Raman spectroscopy detects and distinguishes neuroblastoma and related tissues in fresh and (banked) frozen specimens, J. Pediatr. Surg., 2009, 44, 386-391. 

J. W. Chan, D. S. Taylor, T. Zwerdling, S. M. Lane, K. Ihara and T. Huser, Micro-Raman spectroscopy detects individual neoplastic and normal hematopoietic cells, Biophys. J., 2006, 90(2), 648-56. 

Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Detection of Hyaluronic Acid A Potential Biomarker for Osteoarthritis... 

Maher, J.R. etal. (2011) Raman spectroscopy detects deterioration in biomechanical properties of bone in a glucocorticoid-treated mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis. / Biomed. Opt.,... 

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