Anthropogenic radionuclides

In the marine environment, the numerous radionuclides can be classified into three broad categories based on their production or origin (1) those derived from the weathering of continental rocks, the primordial radionuclides, (2) those formed from cosmic radiation, the cosmogenic radionuclides, and (3) those artificially introduced into nature, the anthropogenic or transient radionuclides and tracers. The primordial radionuclides (e.g. Th, and U) were... 

Cochran JK, Bacon MP, Krishnaswami S, Turekian KK (1983) °Po and °Pb distributions in the central and eastern Indian Ocean. Earth Planet Sci Lett 65 433-445 Cochran JK, Livingston HD, Hirschberg DJ, Surprenant LD (1987) Natural and anthropogenic radionuclide distributions in the northwest Atlantic-ocean. Earth Planet Sci Lett 84 135-152 Cochran JK (1992) The oceanic chemistiy of the uranium and thorium-series nuclides In Uranium-series disequihbrium applications to earth, marine, and environmental sciences. Ivanovich M, Harmon RS (eds) Oxford University Press, New York, p 334-395... 

DOE. 1997a. Evaluation of the anthropogenic radionuclide concentrations in sediments and fauna collected in the Beaufort Sea and Northern Alaska. Los Alamos National Laboratory. U.S. Department of Energy. LA-13302-MS. UC-721. Contract W-7405-ENG-36. DE-97007-298. 

Sanchez AL, Horrill AD, Howard BJ, et al. 1998. Anthropogenic radionuclides in tide-washed pastures bordering the Irish Sea coast of England and Wales. Water Air Soil Pollut 106 403-424. 

Several anthropogenic constituents which are present in the atmosphere are potentially useful as an index of water age. Two radioactive gases from nuclear weapons and from power reactors, 3H and 85Kr, have been discussed already. Several other radionuclides of man-made origin are present in the atmosphere and in... 

Nuclear explosions and nuclear power production are the major sources of anthropogenic activity in the environment. But radionuclide use in medicine, industry, agriculture, education, and production and transport, use, and disposal from these activities present opportunities for wastes to enter the environment (Whicker and Schultz 1982a Table 32.6). Radiation was used as early as... 

Eikf.nbf.ro, J., Beer, H. Baio, S. 2004. Anthropogenic radionuclide emissions into the environment. In Giere, R. Stii.i.f, P. (eds) 2004. Energy, Waste, and the Environment a Geochemical Perspective. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 236, 143-151. 

Over the last few decades, safety has become one of the most important topics related to food. From this view, quality control of vegetable raw materials has at first to cover the following issues natural and anthropogenic contaminants (e.g. heavy metals, pollution from industrial and private combustions, not professionally deposited waste products, radionuclides), residues of fertilisers (e.g. nitrate), plant-conditioning and plant-protective agents, filth, pests, the microbial status and the occurrence of microbial toxins. It is not possible to discuss all these aspects in detail however, with a focus on herbs and spices, two of them should be stressed more thoroughly. For further information, see [8]. 

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