Radiometers probes

McDevitt et al. (2007) reported that the tumour-targeting CNT constructs were synthesised via sidewall covalent functionalisation using 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to attach the antibody IgG, radiometal-ion chelates and fluorescent probes. 

Anisotropy Probe (Bennett et al., 2003b). Both the DMR and WMAP use corrugated horns to reduce sidelobes, as shown in figure 9.4. Everyone of these experiments used a differential radiometer which measured the difference between two widely separated spots on the sky. 

Turbidimetric titrations were conducted in three ways. In "Type 1" titrations, a mixture of PDMDAAC (0.04-4.0 g/L) and protein (0.1-10 g/L) were combined at pH 4 in distilled deionized water or dilute (0.05-0.5M) NaCl. The optical probe (2 cm path length) of a Brinkman PC600 probe colorimeter (240 nm), and a combination pH electrode connected to an expanded scale pH meter (Orion 811 or Radiometer pH M26), were both placed in the solution. Titrant (0.50 M NaOH or 0.50 M HC1) was delivered from a 2.0 mL microburet (Gilmont) with gentle stirring. Alternatively, turbidity was monitored while a protein solution was added to PDMDAAC (at constant ionic strength) or vice-versa. Turbidity was reported as 100-96T, which is linearly proportional to the absolute turbidity in the range 80<%T<100. 

A photoinduced discharge apparatus includes a corona charging unit, an exposure system, and a noncontacting voltmeter. A grid is usually positioned between the corona wires and the sample to control the corona current. The apparatus is normally provided with a beam splitter and radiometer. The surface potentials are determined by a capacitively coupled probe and FET amplifier. The time derivative of the voltage can be obtained electronically or by numerical differentiation on a computer. When a time resolution greater than 10 ms is adequate, commercial voltmeters, for example, Monroe Electronics Isoprobe or Trek Electrostatic voltmeters, can be used. These are feedback devices, based... 

There are many different kinds of acoustical probes including microphones [57-62], hydrophones, radiometers, and piezoelectric devices (most often small barium titanate transducers) [63-68], and the hot wire microphone (based on acousto-resistive effect) [63], Their resonance frequency is generally very different from that of the ultrasonic field under study. 

Incident radiant heat flux measurements were performed using two instruments a hemispherical ellipsoidal radiometer and a circular foil heat flux gauge radiometer [51]. The former probe having a longer time response (30-60 seconds) and the latter probe capable of higher frequency (up to 250 Hz) measurements. 

The polychromatic photons supplied to the system and reaching the mesh supporting the Ti02 can be estimated using the spectral intensity distribution with intensity in watts m nm . The intensity spectrum can be measured using the Sola Scope 2000 spectro-radiometer for the 300-390 nm range for every 0.5 nm (Ibrahim and de Lasa, 2002). In addition, similar measurements with the Sola Scope 2000 probe at different locations of the mesh of the Photo-CREC-Air unit can be used to confirm the uniform intensity disti ibution of photons reaching the mesh (Ibrahim, 2001). 

TGS is still used for the highest performance pyroelectric detectors, although it may soon be largely replaced by LiTaOj. The recent successful operation of radiometers in the Pioneer Venus probe [8.41,41a] and of met. satellites such as TIROS N [8.42] has demonstrated the capabilities of TGS devices. 

---