Radioactive materials special permits

Aj and A2 values for radionuclides A means the maximum activity of special form radioactive material permitted in a Type A package. A2 means the maximum activity of radioactive material other than special form radioactive material permitted in a Type A package. The values are listed in appendix 1 to this class. IMO Class 7,2.1... 

AI means the maximum activity of special form Class 7 (radioactive) material permitted in a Type A package. US 173.403... 

A2 means the maximum activity of Class 7 (radioactive) material, other than special form, LSA or SCO, permitted in a Type A package. These values are either listed in Sec. 173.435 or derived in accordance with the procedure prescribed in Sec. 173.433. US 173.403... 

Failure to comply with radiation survey requirements of a special permit that authorizes the transportation of Class 7 (radioactive) material having a total transportation index exceeding 50. 171.2(b), (e). Special Permit 6,200 and up. 

Brief mention of radioactivity is in order because it, along with quantum mechanics and relativity, transformed classical into modem physics. Radioactivity was discovered by Becquerel in 1896. However, an understanding of how materials like uranium and radium could emit, over the years, a million times more energy than would be permitted by chemical reactions, had to await Einstein s special theory of relativity (Section 4.2.3), which showed that a tiny, unnoticeable decrease in mass represented the release of a large amount of energy. 

Whereas most special growth chambers in use are by necessity not sealed and are closely linked to the outside environment to permit easy control of temperature and humidity, and in many cases for a continuous supply of carbon dioxide, the growth chambers discussed here were designed with the same philosophy used where manipulation of radioactive or other toxic materials must be employed. Our growth chambers thus are provided with glove ports for internal manipulations, hermeticdly sealed bulkheads, etc. 

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