Radioactive gold

Experiments with radioactive cluster compounds ( Au) allowed precise analyses of the particles distribution in the cells. In case of melanoma BLM it was found that 57.5% of the radioactive gold was in the cytoplasma... 

Simon, N., Radioactive gold in filter paper electrophoresis patterns of plasma. Science 119, 95 (1954). 

Miller RA+, j Am Acad Dermatol 23, 360 (from radioactive gold)... 

C. Radiochemical and Biomedical Studies with Radioactive Gold... 

Hahn PF (1967) Production and use of silver coated radioactive gold colloids. Int J Appl Radiat I sot 18 177-181. 

P. Rubin and S. H. Levitt, The response of disseminated reticulum cell sarcoma to the intravenous injection of colloidal radioactive gold, Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 5(8), 581-594 (1964). 

Cope, J. B., E. Churchwell, and K. Koontz. 1961. A method of tagging bats with radioactive gold-198 in homing experiments. Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 70 267-269. 

Gold is a useflil caUbration standard for this method (see Radioactive tracers). Whereas similar sensitivities can be achieved by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (qv), the latter requires more extensive sample preparation to overcome interference by other metals such as copper (64). 

The experiment conducted by Rutherford and his co-workers involved bombarding gold foil with alpha particles, which are doubly charged helium atoms. The apparatus used in their experiment is shown in Figure 14-9. The alpha particles are produced by the radioactive decay of radium, and a narrow beam of these particles emerges from a deep hole in a block of lead. The beam of particles is directed at a thin metal foil, approximately 10,000 atoms thick. The alpha particles are delected by the light they produce when they collide with scintilltaion screens, which are zinc sulfide-covered plates much like the front of the picture tube in a television set. The screen... 

Write the balanced nuclear equation for each of the following radioactive decays (a) p + decay of boron-8 (b) p decay of nickel-63 (c) a decay of gold-185 (d) electron capture by beryllium-7. 

Chemical advances frequently are driven by technology. The discovery that atoms have inner structure was an outgrowth of the technology for working with radioactive materials. In Chapter 2 we describe a famous experiment in which the structure of atoms was studied by bombarding a thin gold foil with subatomic particles. A contemporary example is the use of lasers to study the details of chemical reactions. We introduce these ideas in Chapters 7 and 8. 

Although the sulfur-gold bond has been most investigated, the Group 16 elements selenium and tellurium have also attracted attention and are discussed in detail here (polonium has not received attention due to its radioactivity). 

The diagram above shows the results of Rutherford s experiment in which he used a radioactive source to shoot alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold foil. Based on these results, what were Rutherford s conclusions ... 

De Steiger concludes her 34 9-page treatise by folding together into a mystical framework concepts of permanence that evoke the material world of economics—the gold standard—and notions of stability, such as the Stable Atom derived from mysticism but echoing the science of radioactivity. Beneath the world of material transmutation asserted by atomic scientists and by alchemists lies a substratum of immutable spiritual value ... 

Within only two years of Soddy and Rutherford s papers on atomic transformation as the mechanism for radioactivity, writers of popular fiction did indeed make the shift from cathode rays pulling an unknown element from the moon to radium emissions and other such atomic technologies causing alchemical transmutation—and similarly fretted about the consequences to the gold-standard economy of the West. Rider Haggard s Ayesha The Return of She (1904-05) was noteworthy, as we have mentioned, because... 

Rutherford based his model on a refinement of von Lenard s electron scattering experiment carried out by Geiger and Marsden in 1909. They used u-particles, which were known to be much heavier than electrons (more than 7000 times heavier), instead of electrons as the shells . Using a thin gold foil, they observed that almost all the u-particles went through the foil undeflected, but approximately 1 in 20 000 was reflected back towards the radioactive source. Rutherford, in describing this experiment, is widely quoted as saying It was almost as if you fired a 15 inch shell at a piece of tissue paper and it came back and hit you, but the source of this quote is obscure. 

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