Radiation specific license

The two principal specific license radiation sources used in semiconductor manufacturing are kr3 ton-85 gas (up to 50 curies) used in fine leak testing systems and cobalt-60 (up to 26,000 curies) used in irradiators for testing the ability of ICs to withstand exposure to gamma radiation in military and space applications. Under normal conditions, personnel exposures from these operations are t5 ically less than 500 millirems per year.0 1 Controls forthese systems include ... 

When specific licensed radioactive material is used at the facility, employees are required to be trained on the hazards of the source(s), and an individual must be designated as the Radiation Safety Officer. Records are required to be kept on the specifics of the sources at each location (manufacturer, type, quantity, storage and use location, person the sources are assigned to, and leak testing/GM counter results) and a locked/secure location is recommended. 

Identification of exceptional regulatoiy requirements (SARA .311/ .313 lists status EDA controlled substance list NORM or other radiation issues, chemical-specific registration or license requirements)... 

A radioanalytical chemistry laboratory requires a Radiation Safety Manual (RSM) or Radiation Protection Plan (RPP) in addition to a Quality Assurance Plan (QAP). The format is controlled by the licensing agency for the facility the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) requires the RSM, while the Department of Energy (DOE) requires the RPP. These plans are stand-alone documents that deal specifically with radiation safety issues and practices to set safe operating parameters in the laboratory. 

In a research facility, it is common practice to estabhsh a license to cover all users of radiation at the organization. This is called a broad hcense and provides limits on the total amount of each isotope that can be in possession of the licensee at any specific time. These limits are normally chosen by the institution and approved by the NRC. If there are several separate users, as is usually the case, the sum of all their holdings for each isotope. 

In selection of a radioactive nuclide as a tracer, attention must be paid to the following factors half-life, radiation emitted, specific activity, chemical form, and purity along with license of use and availability. In the case of a non-iso topic tracer, the element of the tracer must be chosen after due consideration as stated above. In any case, radiation safety and legal regulations have to be carefully followed throughout acquisition, storage, use, and disposal of a radioactive tracer. 

Nuclear Regulatory Conmission Standards for Protection Against Radiation (10 CFR 20) 1 These regulations apply to activities licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and specify radiation dose standards for individuals in restricted and unrestricted areas. (See Table 2 for emission concentration limits.) Relevant and appropriate standards for the emission of specific radionuclides. Managing remediation activities in a manner to ensure emission standards are not exceeded. Monitoring remediation activities in a manner to verify emission standards are not exceeded. 1 2 3 4 o i 1— 0 5. VO SC X9 vO (P O - ... 

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