RADIATION PROTECTION IN OPERATION

At most research reactors, areas accessible to the general public are sufficiently far away from radiation sources to give assurance that direct external radiation doses to members of the public are neghgible under normal 

Radioactive releases from research reactors arise in gaseous, liquid and solid forms. Control and monitoring of each of these three types of release should be carried out. These provisions will help to ensure that the doses from these releases are well below dose constraints for the public. With all types of releases, consideration should be given in the first instance to minimizing both the radioactivity content and the volume generated. 

The normal exposure of individuals should be restricted so that neither the total effective dose nor the total equivalent dose to relevant organs and tissues exceeds any relevant dose limit set by the national regulations. (Dose limits set by international bodies are provided in Ref. [2].) 

The operating organization should take appropriate measures to ensure that radiation protection is optimized so that the magnitude of individual doses, the number of people exposed and the likelihood of incurring exposures are kept as low as reasonably achievable, economic and social factors being taken into account. For each radiation source, the level of radiation protection provided should be optimized so that both individual and collective exposures (both normal and potential) are kept as low as reasonably achievable. 

Optimization of the measures for radiation protection associated with any particular source or operation in a practice should be subject to dose constraints. 

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The measures that are included in the design to provide an optimized level of radiation protection in operational states are usually adequate for... 

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