Radiation induced resistance

These radiation-induced resistance oscillations can be empirically described as exponentially damped sinusoidal waves ini , i.e., -A exp (-A/B) sin(27T Bf/B), in... 

Fig. 4) Radiation induced resistance oscillations at/= 50 GHz are exhibited for a number of source intensities in units of jrW. Microwave induced resistance oscillations are observable even at 1 jrW.

Figure 7 In parts (i) - (iii), the figures (b) exhibit the time variation of the total inverse magnetic field, while the figures (a) illustrate the time varying change in 5Rxx due to modulation. Here, as the amplitude of the sinusoidal modulation increases, i.e, (i) (iii), there are characteristic changes in For example, when the sinusoidal modulation is < V2 of the characteristic period (see (i)) of the radiation-induced resistance oscillations, the lineshape of the time varying (see (i) (a)) looks mostly like that of the modulation (see (i)(b)), within a phase factor. This point is confirmed by the Fourier transform of (i)(a), see inset (i), which shows that the t component, is the dominant component. When the amplitude of the modulation is increased to match the period of the radiation-induced oscillations, see (ii), the lineshape of begins to differ from that...

When the amplitude of modulation is small, i.e., A(B/B/ < /s, see Fig. 7 (i)(b), the time dependent change in the resistance SR under photoexcitation at frequency / shown in Fig. 7 (i)(a), reflects mostly the time variation of the magnetic field within a phase factor. This situation changes dramatically, however, when the modulation amplitude matches the period of the radiation induced resistance oscillations, see Fig. 6(c), and Fig. 7(ii)(a) and (b). Here, in Fig. 7(ii)(a), the time response of the specimen, i.e., Sl (t), exhibits a strong harmonic component, which is evident both in the Fourier transform (inset. Fig. 7(ii)) and the harmonic band-pass filtered portion of Si (t) (see Fig. 7(ii)(a)). A further increase in the modulation amplitude such that it corresponds to two periods of the radiation induced resistance oscillations (Figs. 6(d) and 7(iii)), leads to the disappearance of the 3 harmonic component, as a 5 harmonic component takes its place, see inset Fig. 7(iii). 

Mitchel RE, Gragtmans NJ, Morrison DP. 1990. Beta-radiation-induced resistance to MNNG initiation of papiloma but not carcinoma formation in mouse skin. RadiatRes 121 180-186. 

Fusion Reactors. The development of fusion reactors requires a material exhibiting high temperature mechanical strength, resistance to radiation-induced swelling and embrittlement, and compatibUity with hydrogen, lithium and various coolants. One aUoy system that shows promise in this appHcation, as weU as for steam-turbine blades and other appHcations in nonoxidizing atmospheres, is based on the composition (Fe,Co,Ni)2V (30). 

Radiation Effects. Alpha sihcon carbide exhibits a small degree of anisotropy in radiation-induced expansions along the optical axis and perpendicular to it (58). When diodes of sihcon carbide were compared with sihcon diodes in exposure to kradiation with fast neutrons (59), an increase in forward resistance was noted only at a flux about 10 times that at which the increase occurs in a sihcon diode. In general, it appears that sihcon carbide, having the more tightly bound lattice, is less damaged by radiation than sihcon. 

There are marked species differences in susceptibility to specific emetogens. For example, dog and man are very sensitive to apomorphine [40], while the rhesus monkey is completely resistant [41]. The ferret exhibits intermediate sensitivity to apomorphine, but there may be some controversy regarding this species [42-44], On the other hand, the ferret shows high sensitivity to radiation-induced emesis [44] followed by dog, man, monkey and cat. The cat in general is more resistant to apomorphine and radiation-induced emesis than dog or man [40, 45],... 

The polymer TBSS is known to undergo radiation induced chain scission and provides an improvement in the sensitivity compared to resists formulated with polymers which do not undergo chain scission. The lithographic performance of a resist formulated from this polymer and 2,6-dinitrobenzyl tosylate acid generator is reported. 

Deep-UV resists comprised of matrix polymers and a 2,6-dinitrobenzyl tosylate photoactive acid generator have been described and compared to previously reported onium salt systems. Although these resists exhibited lower sensitivity than onium salt-based materials, the contrast and processibility are superior. The use of a matrix polymer capable of radiation-induced chain scission improves the sensitivity and allows the 2,6-dinitrobenzyl tosylate acid generator to more nearly... 

The effective mass of the electrons changes due to lattice strain, alloy additions, radiation damage, phase transformation, and phase content, directly relates to the ability to use electronic property measurements to assess microstructure phase stability. Electronic properties, such as thermoelectric power coefficients, resistivity and induced resistivity measurements, have a demonstrated correlation to solute and phase content, potential phase transformations, as well as residual strain. 

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