Radiation effects electrical insulators

IEC 60544-1, Electrical insulating materials - Determination of the effects of ionizing radiation - Part 1 Radiation interaction and dosimetry, 1994. 

SOLUTION An electrically heated house with R-2.3 insulation is considered. The amount of heat lost through the walls and its cost are to be determined. Assumptions 1 The Indoor and outdoor air temperatures have remained at the given values for the entire day so that heat transfer through the walls is steady, 2 Heat transfer through the walls is one-dimensional since any significant temperature gradients in this case exists in the direction from the indoors to the outdoors. 3 The radiation effects are accounted for in the heat transfer coefficients. 

III. In some instances, recent data on relevant properties at low temperatures are available, as in the NBS-ARPA-Battelle Handbook [% but more are needed. In particular, data on low-temperature properties of materials for very large loadcarrying welded or bolted structures are not available. Radiation damage at 4 K and the effect of thermal cycling on irradiated metals and organics are other areas where little information is available. The same is true of composite materials, both as structural elements and as thermal and electrical insulators. Furthermore, since very large quantities of material will be necessary, and the structures will probably be subject to close public scrutiny, attention must be paid to heat and product-form... 

C.L. Hanks and D.J. Hamman, "Electrical Insulating Materials and Capacitors," Section 3 of Radiation Effects Design Handbook, NASA CR-1787, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. (1971). 

Electrical insulating materials — Determination of the effects for ionizing radiation (lEC 60544) German version EN 60544 1996-2011... 

The electrical properties of insulators for superconducting magnets are of crucial importance in relation to the operational reliability of fusion reactors [81], In the present section, the characteristics in original electrical properties of polymers at cryogenic temperatures are briefly introduced and then the effects of radiation on these properties are surveyed. 

Due to the free-radical character of both the y-radiation induced transformation and oxidation in the post-irradiation phase, free-radical scavenging stabilizers - phenols and amines - effectively protect PO [11,226,227]. This was confirmed by excellent antioxidant/antiradiant effects of DP A, PNA and PD in particular in the post-y-irradiation phase of PO and elastomers [11]. Oligomeric DHQ 21 or its combination with 9b efficiently stabilized EPDM or X-LPE used as insulation materials for electric cables exposed to irradiation doses up to 2MGy at a dose rate 300 Gy h 1 [242]. 

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