RADIATION DETECTION TERMINOLOGY

Understanding how radiation detection occurs requires a working knowledge of basic terminology. 

Infrared radiation was discovered by Herschel [58] in 1800, using a mercury thermometer to detect sunlight dispersed by a prism. However, the Latin poet Lucretius in his De rerum Natura (On the Nature of Things, about 50 BC) clearly showed a clear feeling of the infrared radiation. Of course Lucretius s terminology was far from the modern one, and he had no thermometer at his disposal ... 

Terahertz, or far infrared spectroscopy, covers the frequency range from 0.1 to lOTHz (300 to 3cm ) where torsional modes and lattice vibrations of molecules are detected. It is increasing in use in many application areas, including analysis of crystalline materials. Several dedicated conunercial instruments are available which use pulsed terahertz radiation which results in better signal to noise than those using blackbody sources for radiation (and associated with the terminology far infrared spectroscopy). Work using extended optics of FTIR instrumentation as weU as continuous-wave source THz has also been recently reported. ... 

The book is organized as follows Chap. 2 presents the terminology and general concepts used in this work. Chapter 3 describes existing fault tolerant techniques for processors presented in the literature. Chapter 4 describes the fault tolerant techniques implemented in this work to detect transierrt fairlts in processors, from which two are known software-based and three are new lybrid techniques. Chapter 5 presents experimental fault injection campaigns for the implemented fairlt tolerarrt techniques. Chapter 6 presents the configuration bitstream fairlt injection campaign and results. Chapter 7 presents radiation experiments on some of the proposed techniques. Chapter 8 describes future work and concludes the book. 

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