Radar analogy

Fig. 3. Scientist Donald L. Miller holds an integrated circuit chip comprising a high-resolution superconducting analog-to-digital converter. The one-square-cen timeter chip, known as a counting converter, holds promise as an unprecedented combination of high resolution and low power consumption, as needed in future air traffic control radar and infrared space-tracking applications. The 12-bit circuit (Josephson junction) has a resolution of 1 part in 40CK). (Westinghouse Electric Corporation)...

Sterically stabilized liposomes are often described as stealth carriers (Stealth is a registered trade name of Sequus Inc ), so called because their ability to evade recognition by the MPS was deemed analogous to the ability of stealth bombers to avoid radar detection. 

The over-all system configuration is presented in Section 7.3.1. In Sections 7.3.2, 7.3.3, and 7.3,4, we consider applications of the system to a cw radar with sinewave, Gaussian/Gaussian, and Gaussian/Lorentzian input signals, respectively. Section 7.3.5 deals with its use in an analog communications system, whereas Section 7.3.6 is concerned with low-frequency applications of the technique. A numerical example in Section 7.3.7 is followed by evaluations of system performance for binary communications and pulsed radar in the vacuum channel (Sec, 7.3.8) and in the lognormal atmospheric channel (Sec. 7.3.9). A discussion is presented in Section 7.3.10. The main results are expressed as the output SNR for the system in terms of the input SNR. 

The previous subsections were primarily concerned with the behavior of the three-frequency nonlinear heterodyne system for applications in cw radar and analog communications. As such, a determination of the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)o was adequate to characterize the system. In this subsection, we investigate applications in digital communications and pulsed radar, and therefore examine system performance in terms of the error probability P. Evaluation of the probability of error under various conditions requires a decision criterion as well as a knowledge of the signal statistics we now investigate operation of the three-frequency nonlinear heterodyne scheme in the time domain rather than in the frequency domain. 

One principal component of the net-centric BMD system is the Radar-Sensor Service, which publishes radar data that authorized users may subscribe to through a web interface. (These services are analogous to NCDS Sensor Services.) This radar data is consumed by subsequent analytical components, which ultimately present the data as an executive summary to an end user who acts as a decision-maker. Without the data feed from the radar-sensor service, situational awareness for the entire BMD mission is lost. 

Pulse Doppler Radar processing of a coherent train of pulses usually with uniform spacing. Older versions implemented by analog filters modern versions use fast Fourier transform or discrete Fourier transform processing. 

Lidar, which stands for //ght c/etection ond ranging (analogous to radar, radio t/etection and ranging), is finding munerous applications in atmospheric monitoring. Lidar systems send short pulses of light or infrared radiation into the atmosphere and collect radiation scattered back from molecules or particles in the atmosphere. Computer analysis of the signal enables analysis of species in the atmosphere. 

FIGURE4 Block diagram of a planetary radar system. RFLOand IFLO denote radio frequency and intermediate frequency local oscillators, and ADC denotes analog-to-digital converter. 

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