Questionnaires scale

Multidimensional assessment tools obtain information about the pain and impact on quality of life, but are often more time-consuming to complete. Examples of these types of tools include the Initial Pain Assessment Tool, Brief Pain Inventory, McGill Pain Questionnaire, the Neuropathic Pain Scale, and the Oswestry Disability Index.29-33... 

Conners Parent Questionnaire. Conners Parent Questionnaire (PQ) is a 94-item checklist of symptoms that evaluates common behavior disorders using a four-point scale in children up to 15 years of age and takes 15 to 20 minutes to complete. It is used once pretreatment and may be repeated but is often replaced after the first use by the 11-item Conners Parent-Teacher Questionnaire (PTQ). There are eight subscales conduct problem, anxiety, impulsive-hyperactive, learning problem, psychosomatic, perfectionism, antisocial, and muscular tension. 

Conners Teacher Questionnaire. The TQ form was designed to obtain teacher evaluations of children up to age 15 in terms of their interactions with peers and their ability to cope with the school environment and requirements. There are 41 items, and the first 39 have a four-point scale. Question 40 deals with the teacher s evaluation of the child s severity of illness, and question 41 deals with global improvement in four different areas. This test is used once at pretreatment and as needed afterwards. It takes about 15 minutes to complete and covers either the present or any interval period up to one month. A shorter 11-item PTQ is often used after the initial use of the 41-item TQ. The five subscales included are conduct, inattentive-passive, tension-anxiety, hyperactivity, and social ability. 

Table 7. Intraclass correlations on the well-being scale of the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire for middle-aged twins reared together and reared apart...

Grace and collegues (2000) have recently utilized structured sleep questionnaires to assess the frequency of sleep disturbances in patients with DLB and AD. The scales were repeated in a subgroup of these patients after treatment with the cholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine. DLB patients had more... 

Osada, H., Kato, S., Naganuma, Y., Setoya, Y., Kubota, Y., Watan-abe, Y., Tachimori, H., Kurita, H., and Ohta, M. (2000) The usefulness of Child Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) as a supplementary scale for diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorders [in Japanese] Clin Psychiatry 42 527-534. 

The individual items within a scale are not independent of one another and, for this reason, it is unlikely that one characteristic will change in isolation. However, by dividing up the observed behaviors into several differently formulated questionnaire items, one may create the wrong impression of independence and the equal significance of symptoms. 

The Fear Questionnaire (FQ) is a 24-item self-rated scale used mainly for assessments in phobias. One component of the scale evaluates phobic behavior associated with a number of situations, whereas another component assesses symptoms of anxiety, depression and general distress caused by phobia (Marks and Mathews, 1979). The social phobia, strongly related to social anxiety, and most of the subscales are significantly related to neuroticism. The FQ has been utilized in several trials of social anxiety disorder. 

Quantitative methodology uses large or relatively large samples of subjects (as a rule students) and tests or questionnaires to which the subjects answer. Results are treated by statistical analysis, by means of a variety of parametric methods (when we have continuous data at the interval or at the ratio scale) or nonparametric methods (when we have categorical data at the nominal or at the ordinal scale) (30). Data are usually treated by standard commercial statistical packages. Tests and questionnaires have to satisfy the criteria for content and construct validity (this is analogous to lack of systematic errors in measurement), and for reliability (this controls for random errors) (31). 

This chapter will review the questionnaires and rating scales available for the evaluation of sleep deprivation and EDS. Other questionnaires used for sleep disorders but not directly related to EDS (e.g., sleep disorders questionnaires, questionnaires for specific symptoms, restless legs, cataplexy) will not be reviewed. 

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