Quartemized poly

Close packing in a polymer chain may lead to imcoordinated ligand groups. Poly(4-vinylpyridine) dissolved in an ethanol/water mixture with Co(II)-acetylacetonate results in a degree of complexation of -0.7. For steric reasons, the rate of formation of the Co(II) complex with R of partly quartemized poly(4-vinylpyridine), decreases as follows R = -CH3 > CH2-CeHs [12],... 

The tetraanionic 47 (M = Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd R = -C6H4-SO3H) has been incorporated into different polymers including linear and cross-linked chloromethylated polystyrenes partially quartemized with pyridine (ionic interactions with the metal porphyrin), poly(4-vinylpyridine) (coordinative interactions with the metal porphyrin via the metal) and poly(ethylene glycol) (dipolar interactions with the metal porphyrin) [159,160]. Spectra of the samples were measured in solution or in the solid state. Red-shifts of both Q-and B-bands in the electronic spectra of the porphyrin occurred in the order poly(ethylene glycol) < poly(4-vinylpyridine) < quartemized poly(styrene). The greatest interaction occurred in ionic bonds between the carrier and the porphyrin [159]. 

Quatemized or partially quatemized derivatives of poly(4-vinylpyridine) (DP = 1,600, Mw = 168 kDa) were synthesized by the group of Izumrudov [210]. Among them, four different series were synthesized quartemized poly(4-vinylpyridine) with V-alkyl ester substituents (C -PVP, Fig. 20b), polycarboxybetaine with alkyl spacer (C -PCB, Fig. 20c), poly[(4-vinylpyridine)-co-(V-alkyl-4-vinylpyridinium)] and poly[(iV-methyl-4-vinylpyridine)-c )-(V-alkyl-4-vinylpyridinium)] both with various alkylation degree p (respectively Cn-PVP-p, Fig. 20d and Me-Cn-PVP-p, Fig. 20e). Unfortunately, relatively few comparisons between these polymers were presented in this publication regarding the physico-chemical characteristics of their polyplexes. At a charge ratio of 5, Cn-PVP-based polyplexes with short V-alkyl... 

Sen et al. [75] prepared PS nanocomposites by free radical polymerization in the presence of organically modified MMT with low-molecular weight quartemized poly(styrene-b-4-vinylpyridine) (SVP) (Table 3.6). Clay modification was carried out in different compositions of THF and water. Copolymer intercalation and thermal stability of the resulting organoclays depended on the THF/water proportion. Greater distances were obtained... 

To regulate microbial adhesion, mixed brashes of PEG and a positively charged polymer, P2VP or quartemized poly(2-vynil pyridine) (QP2VP) were investigated and compared with homo polymer brushes of the respective components (Zdyrko et al., 2009). Only with PEG brush, almost aU the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus)... 

Strauss and Jackson [4] were the first to synthesize associated hydro-phobically modified poiyelectrolytes. In 1951, they partially quartemized poly(2-vinylpyridine) with n-dodecyl bromide, and showed that the polymers formed a compact conformation in aqueous solution, through hydrophobic association of the n-dodecyl groups, if the degree of quarter-nization was higher than a certain value. They called these hydrophobically modified poly(2-vinylpyridine)s polysoaps [4]. The compact conformation of these amphiphilic polycations showed an analogy with surfactant micelles in that the polymers solubilized hydrophobic small molecules in dilute aqueous solutions. Later, Strauss et al. [5,6] synthesized a series of... 

Usually oxime has a high nucleophilicity in dissociated form, but it is useless in a moderate aqueous solution for its high pK value (pK = 11 12). The oxime moiety which is bound to poly(4-vinylpyridine) by the quartemization shows a lower pK value (pK = 8.5 0.3) and high nucleophilicity in the hydrolysis of PNPA(5) (95). The catalytic activity of the polymer(X) reaches a half of that of a-chymotrypsin showing ka = 200 M-1 sec-1 at pH = 8, where m is 12. 

Fe(II, III)-protoporphyrin-IX (heme, hemin) (7 a, b) with poly(L-lysine)17-22), poly(L-his-tidine)23, poly(y-benzyl-L-glutamate (with pendant imidazole)19 24, polyethylenimine19,22), poly(4-vinyl-pyridine) (also partly quartemized)19,22,25-3 32, poly(N- or 4(5)-vinylimidazoles) (partly substituted at position 2)19-25-33-37, water soluble imidazole modified polyphophazenes38, macroporous methyl methacrylate, with covalent bound imidazole39,40. ... 

The N-containing poly(arylene)s, especially those with chelating units, form transition metal complexes [6c,21], and quartemized salts with RX [24b,c] ... 

Our research focuses on water soluble redox polymers that are crosslinked on electrode surfaces to form 3-dimensional redox hy ogel, to the polymer skeletons of which enzymes are covalently bound and in which segments of the polymer may also form complexes with the enzymes. Redox polymers based on poly (vinyl pyiridine) complexed with Os (bpy)2Cl (bpy = 2,2 bipyridine) have been used to wire i.e. to electrochemically connect enzymes to electrodes. By quartemizing part of the free pyridine rings on the polymer with bromoethylamine we formed earlier a water soluble, PEGDGE crosslinked redox polyamine, POsEA 4,5). 

OXO-, see azines, hydrosy-perfaaloallgd-, reactions of, 230 peri effects, 311,361 phenylazo-, reactions of, 241 phosphorylosy-, reactions of, 210 poly-, covalent addition to, 362 positional reactivity of, 172-174, 177-181, 264, 361 quatemization of, 161 quartemization, effect on reactivity, 308... 

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