Quantum solid

Levitt et al.69 have used the double quantum solid state NMR in the studies of bond lengths for a series of five 13C labelled samples of rhodopsin. On the basis of DQ-filtered signal trajectories and numerical spin simulations of the signal points, the through-space dipole-dipole coupling between neighbouring 13C nuclei has been estimated. Estimated dipole-dipole couplings have been converted into the intemuclear distances (Table 2) [32],... 

Antzutkin, O. N., Balbach, J. J., Leapman, R. D., Rizzo, N. W., Reed, J., and Tycko, R. (2000). Multiple quantum solid-state NMR indicates a parallel, not antiparallel, organization of /1-sheets in Alzheimer s /1-amyloid fibrils. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 13045-13050. 

Figure 38. The calssical (dashed) and quantum (solid line) maximal Lyapunov exponents (a) and the appropriate bifurcation maps (b,c) versus the modulated parameter Q. The parameters are...

Very interestingly, a similar surface instability was predicted by Grinfeld on uniaxially compressed solids in contact with their melt [94]. The theory has been revived by Nozieres in a general context [95] and has been applied to quantum solids [96]. The theories are limited to linear stability analysis at present. 

In 1907. Einstein showed that at extremely low temperatures, the atoms of a solid don t have sufficient energy to jump to the first quantized energy level, which is a relatively large jump. The solid, therefore, may be exposed to small increments of heat without any increase in thermal motion. This lowers the ability of the solid to absorb heat, which means that its entropy is also lower. For practically all materials, this quantum effect only occurs at extremely low temperature. A dramatic exception is diamond, which because of this quantum effect resists the absorption of energy even at room temperature (Table 9.2). Diamond is special for many reasons, including its status as a room-temperature "quantum solid"... 

A. O. E. Animalu, Intermediate Theory of Quantum Solids, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1977. 

The Raman spectra of solids have a more or less prominent collision-induced component. Rare-gas solids held together by van der Waals interactions have well-studied CILS spectra [656, 657]. The face-centered, cubic lattice can be grown as single crystals. Werthamer and associates [661-663] have computed the light scattering properties of rare-gas crystals on the basis of the DID model. Helium as a quantum solid has received special attention [654-658] but other rare-gas solids have also been investigated [640]. Molecular dynamics computations have been reported for rare-gas solids [625, 630, 634]. 

The simplest molecular solids are those of hydrogen and its isotopes, which are discussed in a recent monograph [659] and in various review articles [626, 633, 635, 638, 652, 653]. The spectra are related to the zero-point motion of the lattice, rotation, and translation. The phonon spectra observed in these quantum solids have been of special interest. 

We have resorted to an approximate technique which attempts to include the above mentioned main quantum effects via the construction of effective potentials V. Basically, each pmticle is represented by a single particle wavefunction tmd the Ehrenfest theorem is applied. Similar ideas have been used with good success ev( n for quantum solids like hydrogmi [38]. Effective quantum potentials ajx also among the results of the Feynman-Hibbs treatment [12] which have been apjjlied to pure neon clusters in the past [34]. 

K. Schmidt-Rohr, A double-quantum solid-state NMR technique for determining torsion angles in polymers. Macromolecules, 1996, 29, 3975-3981. 

Most recently, a double-quantum solid-state NMR technique has been reported [47]. This gives detailed structural information such as torsion angles for unoriented amorphous polymers including unoriented polypeptides with NMR tensor correlation in the labeled segments. This new solid-... 

Concistre M, Gansmiiller A, McLean N et al (2009) Light penetration and photoisomerization in rhodopsin studied by numerical simulations and double-quantum solid-state NMR spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 131 6133-6140... 

Carravetta M, Zhao X, Johannessen OG et al (2004) Protein-induced bonding perturbation of the rhodopsin chromophore detected by double-quantum solid-state NMR. J Am Chem Soc... 

Progress in nanophotonics is shown to result essentially from the transfer of ideas and concepts from quantum solid state theory to optics. A brief historical overview of the principal nanophotonic concepts and its quantum counterparts is provided and the possible reasons are discussed why quantum effects are transferable to electromagnetism but not vice versa. 

A brief overview of the principal phenomena of nanophotonics shows that they have been essentially transferred from quantum mechanics and quantum solid state theory (Table 2). This pronounced trend in contemporary science may occur because of the several reasons. 

R 15 D.M. Jonas, Two-Dimensional Femtosecond Spectroscopy , p. 425 R 16 G.P. Drobny, J.R. Long, T. Karlsson, W. Shaw, J. Popham, N. Oyler, P. Bower, J. Stringer, D. Gregory, M. Mehta and P.S. Stayton, Structural Studies of Biomaterials Using Double-Quantum Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy , p. 531... 

Structural studies of biomaterials using double quantum solid state NMR have been reviewed by Drobny et al. Both the theory and practice of doublequantum solid state NMR techniques for determining the secondary structures of surface-adsorbed peptides and proteins are presented. In particular, the use of solid state NMR dipolar techniques to provide the high-resolution structural and dynamic characterisation of a hydrated biomineralisation protein, salivary statherin, adsorbed to its biologically relevant hydroxyapatite surface is presented. This article also reviews NMR data on peptides designed to adsorb from aqueous solutions onto highly porous hydrophobic surfaces with specific helical secondary structures. 

FIGURE 7 Classical (dashed) and quantum (solid) probability, as a function of time, of a coupled Morse oscillator system remaining in its original state. [From Kay, K. (1980). J. Chem. Phys. 72,5955.]... 

Collisions (Nuclear physics) 2. Low temperatures. 3. Quantum solids. 4. Quantum liquids. 5. Coidgases. 6. Molecular dynamics. I. Krems, Roman. II. Friedrich, Bretislav. 

In Section II of this review we discuss the different forms of classical lattice dynamical treatments which have been applied to molecular solids. The applications to specific systems and comparison of results with experiment will then be taken up. In Section III we give a short treatment of quantum lattice dynamics, which has been developed to deal with quantum solids as helium and hydrogen. Classical approaches in the harmonic approximation fail for these systems. In Section IV, intensities of infrared and Raman spectra in the lattice vibration region are discussed. A group theoretical appendix has been added for the reader who is not familiar with this aspect. 

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