Context generalization

Contextual attribute correspondences are specified in terms of a condition on the value assignments of attributes. A k-context of an attribute correspondence is a condition that involves k database attributes. For k = 0, a contextual attribute correspondence becomes a common attribute correspondence. For k = 1, the condition is simple, of the form a = v, where a is an attribute and v is a constant in a s domain. For example, R.Cardlnfo.type= RoomsRUs . Disjunctive, conjunctive, and general / -contexts generalize simple conditions in the usual way. For example, simple disjunctive k-context for k = 1 is a condition of the form a e (iq, v2, , v. ... 

In this context, general information about polymer composites are presented in Chapters 5 and 8, while more detailed information for FRP rebars and retrofitting/rehabilitation of concrete as well as several applications are presented in Chapters 2, 4 and 6. 

Cable Cover. A fired clay (in this context generally, but erroneously, known as earthenware ) or concrete conduit for covering underground electric cables these covers warn of the cable s presence and protect it from excavating tools. For specification see B.S. 2484. 

As some economists argue, an economy can be divided into three levels the micro-economy, the meso-economy, and the macro-economy. Similarly, the contexts of engineering action can be divided into three kinds of context the microcontext, the meso-context, and the macro-context Generally speaking, the meso-level is at the place which is situated between micro- and the macro-levels. Usually, an individual acts in micro-context and an enterprise acts in meso-context. 

While it is not the focus of this chapter, we wiU provide a brief outline of solvent-mediated stereocontrol for context. Generally, solvent-mediated processes employ bulky fluoroalcohols or other novel solvents to influence the stmcture of the polymer terminus through H-bonding with the pendant side-chains. These processes can enhance the inherent syndiotactic preference of monomers, such as methacrylic acid, JV-vinylpyrroli-... 

It was noted earlier that dryers are quite difierent in character from both distillation and evaporation. However, heat is still taken in at a high temperature to be rejected in the dryer exhaust. The appropriate placement principle as applied to distillation columns and evaporators also applies to dryers. The plus/minus principle from Chap. 12 provides a general tool that can be used to understand the integration of dryers in the overall process context. If the designer has the freedom to manipulate drying temperature and gas flow rates, then these can be changed in accordance with the plus/minus principle in order to reduce overall utility costs. 

The topic of capillarity concerns interfaces that are sufficiently mobile to assume an equilibrium shape. The most common examples are meniscuses, thin films, and drops formed by liquids in air or in another liquid. Since it deals with equilibrium configurations, capillarity occupies a place in the general framework of thermodynamics in the context of the macroscopic and statistical behavior of interfaces rather than the details of their molectdar structure. In this chapter we describe the measurement of surface tension and present some fundamental results. In Chapter III we discuss the thermodynamics of liquid surfaces. 

The equations are transcendental for the general case, and their solution has been discussed in several contexts [32-35]. One important issue is the treatment of the boundary condition at the surface as d is changed. Traditionally, the constant surface potential condition is used where po is constant however, it is equally plausible that ag is constant due to the behavior of charged sites on the surface. 

Generalized first-order kinetics have been extensively reviewed in relation to teclmical chemical applications [59] and have been discussed in the context of copolymerization [53]. From a theoretical point of view, the general class of coupled kinetic equation (A3.4.138) and equation (A3.4.139) is important, because it allows for a general closed-fomi solution (in matrix fomi) [49]. Important applications include the Pauli master equation for statistical mechanical systems (in particular gas-phase statistical mechanical kinetics) [48] and the investigation of certain simple reaction systems [49, ]. It is the basis of the many-level treatment of... 

The fimdamental kinetic master equations for collisional energy redistribution follow the rules of the kinetic equations for all elementary reactions. Indeed an energy transfer process by inelastic collision, equation (A3.13.5). can be considered as a somewhat special reaction . The kinetic differential equations for these processes have been discussed in the general context of chapter A3.4 on gas kmetics. We discuss here some special aspects related to collisional energy transfer in reactive systems. The general master equation for relaxation and reaction is of the type [H, 12 and 13, 15, 25, 40, 4T ] ... 

In the reaction kinetics context, the tenn nonlinearity refers to the dependence of the (overall) reaction rate on the concentrations of the reacting species. Quite generally, the rate of a (simple or complex) reaction can be defined in temis of the rate of change of concentration of a reactant or product species. The variation of this rate with the extent of reaction then gives a rate-extent plot. Examples are shown in figure A3.14.1. In... 

This basic instrumentation, here described within the context of spontaneous Raman scahering, may be generalized to most of the other Raman processes that are discussed. Specific details can be found in the citations. 

In quantum theory, physical systems move in vector spaces that are, unlike those in classical physics, essentially complex. This difference has had considerable impact on the status, interpretation, and mathematics of the theory. These aspects will be discussed in this chapter within the general context of simple molecular systems, while concentrating at the same time on instances in which the electronic states of the molecule are exactly or neatly degenerate. It is hoped... 

Though LI failed for general biomolecular applications [50], it has been found to be a useful ingredient in two other contexts macroscopic separable models, and enhanced sampling. 

In the endeavor to deepen understanding of chemistry, many an experiment has been performed, and many data have been accumulated. Chapter 6, on databases, gives a vivid picture of the enormous amount of data that have been determined and made accessible. The task is then to derive knowledge from these data by inductive learning. In this context we have to define the terms, data, information, and knowledge, and we do so in a generally accepted manner. 

Mathematical derivations presented in the following sections are, occasionally, given in the context of one- or two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate systems. These derivations can, however, be readily generalized and the adopted style is to make the explanations as simple as possible. 

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