Pyrrolizidines liquid chromatography-mass

Comfrey Echium gas chromatography honey feed immunoassay liquid chromatography mass spectrometry pyrrolizidine alkaloids ragwort Senecio solid phase extraction... 

Gas liquid chromatography — mass spectrometry of silylated derivatives is a very sensitive method for detection of pyrrolizidine alkaloids 111). The many alkaloids containing retronecine (18) can be readily determined either by H n.m.r. spectroscopy utilising the downfield signal for the vinyl proton 211) or by gas liquid chromatography of fluorinated retronecine derivatives 101). 

AHPA. July 2011. Code of Ethics Business Conduct. Silver Spring, MD American Herbal Products Association. Altamirano, J., S.R. Gratz, and K.A. Wolnik. 2005. Investigation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their N-oxides in commercial comfrey-containing products and botanical materials by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. /. AOAC Int. 88(2) 406-412. 

Bolechova, Caslavsky, Pospichalova, and Kosubova report a protocol for the extraction of selected pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in feed. They determined PAs using an ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system coupled to a tandem mass spectrometry equipped with an electrospray interface (ESI). Their steps to extract alkaloids for this determination are as follows ... 

Zhou Y, Li N, Choi FF-K, Qiao C-F, Song J-Z, Li S-L, Liu X, Cai Z-W, Fu PP, Lin G, Xu H-X (2010) A new approach for simultaneous screening and quantification of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in some potential pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants by using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 681 33 0... 

Liu F, Wan SY, Jiang Z, Li SFY, Qng ES, Osorio JCC. Determination of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in comfrey by liquid chromatography—electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Talanta 2009 80 916-23. 

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