Pyris

The electrostatic po tential map of pyri 5 dine on/.earn/ng Sy Modeling clearly shows its decreased tt electron density... 

Some of the substances used to denature ethanol include methanol benzene pyri dine castor oil and gasoline... 

Acyl transfer from an acid an hydride to an alcohol is a standard method for the prep aration of esters The reaction IS subject to catalysis by either acids (H2SO4) or bases (pyri dine)... 

From acyl chlorides (Sections 15 8 and 20 4) Alcohols react with acyl chlorides by nucleo philic acyl substitution to yield esters These reactions are typi cally performed in the presence of a weak base such as pyri dine... 

Furo[3,4-d]pyridazine-1,4-diones synthesis, 4, 985 Furopyridazines, 4, 984 Furo[2,3-6]pyridine, 3-amino-synthesis, 4, 977 Furo[2,3-6]pyridine, 4-methyl-synthesis, 4, 976 Furo[2,3-6]pyridine, 6-methyl-synthesis, 4, 976 Furo[2,3-6]pyridine, 5-nitro-synthesis, 4, 977 Furo[3,2-c]pyridine, 4-allyl-synthesis, 4, 982 Furopyri dines H NMR, 4, 983 physical data, 4, 983 properties, 4, 982 synthesis, 4, 974-982 UV spectroscopy, 4, 983 Furo[6]pyri dines HMO data, 4, 975 Furo[2,3-6]pyri dines synthesis, 4, 974-977 7, 512 Furo[3,2-6]pyri dines C NMR, 4, 982 synthesis, 4, 648, 981 Furo[c]pyri dines HMO data, 4, 976 Furo[2,3-c]pyri dines synthesis, 4, 977 Furo[3,2-c]pyri dines nitration, 4, 983 synthesis, 4, 978-981 Furo[3,4-c]pyri dines synthesis, 4, 982 Furo[3,2-c]pyridin-3-ols synthesis, 4, 980 Furo[2,3-6]pyridin-6-ones synthesis, 4, 976 Furo[3,4-c]pyridin-4-ones synthesis, 4, 982... 

Oxazolo[5,4-6]pyridine, 2-phenyl-applications, 6, 668 Oxazolo[3,2-a]pyri dines synthesis, 5, 121 6, 662 3ff-Oxazolo[3,4-a]pyridines partially saturated... 

DMAP = 4-dimethylaminopyridine (lO" times more effective than pyri- dine) ... 

The DTBMS ester was prepared (THF, DTBMSOTf, Et3N, rt) to protect an ester so that a lactone could be reduced to an aldehyde. The ester is cleaved with aq. HF/THF or Bu4N F in wet THF. A THP derivative can be deprotected (pyri-dinium p-toluenesulfonate, warm ethanol) in the presence of a DTBMS ester. ... 

The CNDO method has been modified by substitution of semiempirical Coulomb integrals similar to those used in the Pariser-Parr-Pople method, and by the introduction of a new empirical parameter to differentiate resonance integrals between a orbitals and tt orbitals. The CNDO method with this change in parameterization is extended to the calculation of electronic spectra and applied to the isoelectronic compounds benzene, pyridine, pyri-dazine, pyrimidine and pyrazine. The results obtained were refined by a limited Cl calculation, and compared with the best available experimental data. It was found that the agreement was quite satisfactory for both the n TT and n tt singlet transitions. The relative energies of the tt and the lone pair orbitals in pyridine and the diazines are compared and an explanation proposed for the observed orders. Also, the nature of the lone pairs in these compounds is discussed. 

The infrared spectra of amino- and methylamino-pyri-dines and -quinolines show absorption bands that are charcteristic of monosubstituted-pyridine " or -quinoline rings and of the amino group. Changes in the infrared and ultraviolet spectra of amino-... 

This approach has been extended by Tieckelmann, Mulvey, and Gottis to 2-amino-5-cyanonicotinamides (16 and 18), whiob were prepared directly by partial hydrolysis of the corresponding dir itriles. Diethyl carbonate, ethyl orthoacetate, and ethyl orthoformate all underwent reaction to yield the corresponding pyrido[2,3-( ]pyri-midines (17 and 19). 

An interesting variation of this procedure relies upon the formation of malondialdehyde precursors in situ. Vinylogs of Vilsmeier-Haack intermediates (60), formed from dimethylaminoacroleins (59) and phosgene, undergo reaction with 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine to yield 6-alkyl- and 6-aryl-substitutcd 2,4-diaminopyrido[2,3-d]-pyri-midines (61). Dimethylaminoacroleins were found to be unsatisfactory. ... 

Oxidations of pyridopyrimidines are rare, but the covalent hydrates of the parent compounds undergo oxidation with hydrogen peroxide to yield the corresponding pyridopyrimidin-4(3 T)-ones. Dehydrogenation of dihydropyrido[2,3-(i]pyrimidines by means of palladized charcoal, rhodium on alumina, or 2,3-diehloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzo-quinone (DDQ) to yield the aromatic derivatives have been reported. Thus, 7-amino-5,6-dihydro-1,3-diethylpyrido[2,3-d]-pyri-midine-2,4(lif,3f/)-dione (177) is aromatized (178) when treated with palladized charcoal in refluxing toluene for 24 hours. 

A variety of l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-j8-carbolines have been prepared from 3-piperidone phenylhydrazone derivatives. Used initially to obtain pentacyclic derivatives (35) related to the yohimbe alkaloids, this route was later extended to the synthesis of tetracyclic compounds (36). l-Methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-j8-carboline (37) was prepared in low yield by heating cyclohexanone 2-methyl-3-pyridylhydrazone with zinc chloride, a synthesis probably based on the similar preparation of the tetracyclic compound 38 starting from the corresponding quinolylhydrazine. Abramovitch and Adams extended this approach to the cyclization of cyclohexanone 3-pyri-dylhydrazone (39) itself. The main product was 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-8-carboline (40), a smaller amount of the j8-isomer (41) also being obtained. This provides a convenient and readily reproducible route to the otherwise difficultly accessible 8-carboline ring system. The favored attack at carbon-2 over carbon-4 of the pyridine nucleus... 

Tire use of nitro synthons for the preparation of nitronaphthyridines and their derivatives has been extensively studied and has found widespread application. Most known nitro compounds have been synthesized using these methods and nearly all of them use an aminopyridine or (substituted amino)pyri-dine as starting material for the construction of the nitronaphthyridine ring. Tliese synthetic methods can be divided into four categories. 

Refluxing 2-bromo-l-(2-ethylpiperidin-l-yl)-3-(2-phenylpyrazolo[l,5-a]pyri-din-3-yl)propenone (28) in ethanol (1.5 h) in the presence of potassium hydroxide gives disubstituted propynone 29 (Scheme 35). A number of conversions like this are described in patents (89EUP299209 92USP5102869). 

In conditions of base catalysis, the acetylenylpyrazolecarboxylic acid hydrazides, as opposed to benzene derivatives, are more difficult to cyclize compared with the benzoic acid derivatives and are isomerized only after heating in alcohol in the presence of KOH, forming not five- but six-membered lactams. The yields of pyri-dopyrazoles were 80-90% (Scheme 133 Table XXVIII) (85IZV1367 85MI2). 

The relative stereostructure of 9-acetyl-7-hydroxy-l,2-dimethyl-7-meth-oxycarbonyl-4-phenyl-6-oxo-l, 4,7,8-tetrahydro-6/7-pyrido[l, 2-u]pyri-midine-3-carboxylate 122 was justified by an X-ray diffraction analysis (97JOC3109). The stereochemistry and solid state structure of racemic trans-6,9-//-l, 6-dimethyl-9 z-ethoxy-9-hydroxy-4-oxo-l,6,7,8,9,9 z-hexahydro-4//-pyrido[l,2- z]pyrimidine-3-carboxylate (123), adopting a cw-fused conformation, were determined by X-ray investigations (97H(45)2175). 

Reaction of 2-amino-4/f-pyrido[l,2-n]pyrimidin-4-ones 143 with HNMei -HCl and paraformaldehyde in Dowtherm A afforded a mixture of 3-(A,A-dimethylamino)methyl derivatives 144 and bis-compounds 145 (93FES1225). Mannich reaction of 9-hydroxy-2-methyl-4//-pyri-dor],2-nlpyrimidin-4-one (146) yielded 8-aminomethyl derivatives 147 (94KFZ(10)23). 

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