Pyridoxine pyridoxamine

Table 1. Properties of Pyridoxine, Pyridoxamine, Pyridoxal, and Derivatives...

This enzyme [EC 2.7.1.35] (also known as pyridoxine kinase, pyridoxamine kinase, and vitamin kinase) catalyzes the reaction of ATP with pyridoxal to produce ADP and pyridoxal 5 -phosphate. Pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, and various other derivatives can also act as substrates. 

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, and pyridoxal) has the active form, pyridoxal phosphate. It functions as a cofactor for enzymes, particularly in amino acid metabolism. Deficiency of this vitamin is rare, but causes glossitis and neuropathy. The deficiency can be induced by isoniazid, which causes sensory neuropathy at high doses. 

Clements ]E and Anderson BB (1980) Glntathione reductase activity and pyridoxine (pyridoxamine) phosphate oxidase activity in the red cell. Biochimica etBiophysica Acta 632,159-63. 

Sethi, R., and Haque, W., Pyridoxal-5 -phosphate, pyridoxal, pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, and related analogs for the treatment of cerebrovascular disease, and preparation of compounds, Medicure, Int. Patent Appl. WO 2001072309. 2001 Chem. Abstr, 135, 267243, 2001. 

S/. no. Organism Growth after 4 days Pyridoxine Pyridoxamine Pyridoxai... 

FIG. 4. Appearance of label from pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, and pyridoxal in urinary pyridoxic add after simultaneous oral administration of S /rmol of a deuterated form of each vitamer to a healthy man. Lines are predictions of the model described in Fig. S and Table I. (Analysis and figure were produced by SAAM31 from the Laboratory of Mathematical Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.)... 

Vitamers of the B group (pyridoxine, pyridoxamine and pyridoxic acid lactone) could be acylated in THF. Pyridoxal was first converted to the methoxime, and the vitamers (up to 0.5 mg) were then dissolved in THF/TFAA 2 1 (300/il) for 10 minutes at room temperature [93]. For ECD it would be better to make the HFB derivatives, and excess reagent would have to be removed in a stream of nitrogen before taking the residue up in a suitable solvent for GC analysis. 

The fluorimetric determination of vitamin Bg compounds (pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine 5 -phosphate, pyridoxal 5 -phosphate, and 4-pyridoxic acid) in foods by measurement of their native fluorescence entails a prior LC isolation. Some of these determinations involve postcolumn derivatization with sodium bisulfite in a phosphate... 

Although pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, and pyridoxal are different forms of vitamin Be, pyridoxal-5 -phosphate is the metabolically active form, acting as a cofactor in different reactions involving amino acids, mainly, transamination. Good food sources of this vitamin include meat, poultry, fruit, potatoes, and some vegetables. From the different forms in which... 

The related compounds pyridoxamine and pyridoxal, in which the CH2OH group in the 4-position is replaced by CH2NH2 and CHO respectively, also possess vitamin activity and for certain bacteria are much more active than pyridoxine. 

Pyridoxal hydrochloride, pyridoxamine hydrochloride and pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin Bg) see entries in Chapter 6. 

In general no warming is necessary to produce the colored zones pyridoxine is colored intense blue, pyridoxamine violet and pyridoxal dark blue [1, 3]. Phenols... 

Goldberger and Lillie in 1926 found that rats fed certain nutritionally deficient diets developed dermatitis acrodynia, a skin disorder characterized by edema and lesions of the ears, paws, nose, and tail. Szent-Gyorgyi later found that a factor he had isolated prevented these skin lesions in the rat. He proposed the name vitamin Bg for his factor. Pyridoxine, a form of this vitamin found in plants (and the form of Bg sold commercially), was isolated in 1938 by three research groups working independendy. Pyridoxal and pyridoxamine, the forms that predominate in animals, were... 

B6 function, including pyridoxin (= PN, alcohol), pyridoxal (= PL, aldehyde), pyridoxamine (= PM, amine), and their 5 -phosphoiylised forms. 

In general, pyridoxamine and pyridoxin are more stable than pyridoxal. All vitamers are relatively heat-stable in acid media, but heat labile in alkaline media. All forms of vitamin B6 are destroyed by UV light in both neutral and alkaline solution. The majority of vitamin B6 in the human body is stored in the form of pyridoxal phosphate in the muscle, bound to glycogen phos-phorylase. 

Vitamin B6. Figure 1 Structure of pyridoxin, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, and the coenzymes pyridoxal-5 -phosphate and pyridoxamine-5Y-phosphate. 

Pyridoxal 157,158,253 Pyridoxamine 253 Pyridoxine 253 Pyrimidines 266,438, 439 Pyrocatechol see 1,2-Dihydroxybenzene I ocatecholsulfophthalein 398 I ocatechol violet reagent 398 Pyrolysis of organic compounds 92, 96 a,y-Pyrone derivatives 288 Pyrrole alkaloids 66 Pyrrole derivatives 266, 269, 270 Pyruvic acid 426... 

Purpuric acid lb 174 Pyrazolidine derivatives la 426 3,5-Pyrazolidindione derivatives lb 20 Pyrazolinone derivatives lb 277 Pyrazolin-5-one derivatives lb 327,329 Pyrazone lb 332 Pyrene lb 379 PyrethrinI lb 18 Pyrethrin II lb 18 Pyrethroids lb 86,87 Pyrethroid insecticides la 359 Pyridine alkaloids la 66 lb 279 Pyridine derivatives lb 119,244 Pyridinium carbinols lb 65 Pyridinium glycols lb 65 Pyridoxal la 157,158,253 Pyridoxamine la 253 Pyridoxine la 253... 

Be Pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine Coenzyme in transamination and decarboxylation of amino acids and glycogen phosphorylase role in steroid hormone action Disorders of amino acid metabolism, convulsions... 

Six compounds have vitamin Bg activity (Figure 45-12) pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, and their b -phosphates. The active coenzyme is pyridoxal 5 -phos-phate. Approximately 80% of the body s total vitamin Bg is present as pyridoxal phosphate in muscle, mostly associated with glycogen phosphorylase. This is not available in Bg deficiency but is released in starvation, when glycogen reserves become depleted, and is then available, especially in liver and kidney, to meet increased requirement for gluconeogenesis from amino acids. 

FIGURE 10.2 Structural formula of vitamin and related compounds. 1 — pyridoxine, 2 — pyridoxal, 3 — pyridoxamine, 4 — 4-pyridoxic acid 5 — pyridoxal-5 -phosphate. 

Solvent System (v/v) Pyridoxal Pyridoxine Pyridoxic Acid Pyridoxic Acid Lactone Pyridoxamine Pyridoxal Phosphate... 

The steroids aldosterone, cortisone, cortisol, 11-P-hydroxyandrostenedione, corticosterone, and rostenedione, 11-desoxycorticosterone, 17-hydroxy-progesterone, and progesterone have been performed on Ultrasphere ODS using methanokwater.19 Ranitidine N-[2-[[[5-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-2-furanyl]-methyl]thio]ethyl]-N1-methyl-2-nitro-l,l-ethenediamine has been separated using a p-Bondapak C18 column operated with acetoni-trile methanol water buffered with triethylamine phosphate.117 Pyridoxal-5 -phosphate and other B6 vitamers, including pyridoxamine phosphate, pyri-doxal, pyridoxine, and 4-pyridoxic acid, were separated as bisulfite adducts... 

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) and its derivative pyridoxamine are apparently able to inhibit superoxide production, reduce lipid peroxidation and glycosylation in high glucose-exposed erythrocytes [353], It was suggested that the suppression of oxidative stress in erythrocytes may be a new mechanism by which these natural compounds inhibit the development of complication in diabetes mellitus. 

Vitamin Ba (pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine) like nicotinic acid is a pyridine derivative. Its phosphorylated form is the coenzyme in enzymes that decarboxylate amino acids, e.g., tyrosine, arginine, glycine, glutamic acid, and dihydroxyphenylalanine. Vitamin B participates as coenzyme in various transaminations. It also functions in the conversion of tryptophan to nicotinic acid and amide. It is generally concerned with protein metabolism, e.g., the vitamin B8 requirement is increased in rats during increased protein intake. Vitamin B6 is also involved in the formation of unsaturated fatty acids. 

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