Protein kinase Purkinje cells

Tatsukawa T., Chimura T., Miyakawa H., and Yamaguchi K. (2006). Involvement of basal protein kinase C and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activities in constitutive internalization of AMPA receptors in cerebellar Purkinje cells. J. Neurosci. 26 4820 4825. 

Feil R, Hartmann J, Luo C, Wolfsgruber W, Schilling K, Feil S, Barski JJ, et al. (2003) Impairment of LTD and cerebellar learning by Purkinje cell-specific ablation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase I. J Cell Biol 163 295-302... 

Hall KU, Collins SP, Gamm DM, Massa E, DePaoli-Roach AA, Uhler MD (1999) Phosphorylation-dependent inhibition of protein phosphatase-1 by G-substrate. A Purkinje cell substrate of the cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase. J Biol Chem 274 3485-95 Han J, Mark MD, Li X, Xie M, Waka S, Rettig J, Herlitze S (2006) RGS2 determines short-term synaptic plasticity in hippocampal neurons by regulating Gi/o-mediated inhibition of presynap-tic Ca2+ channels. Neuron 51 575-86... 

Fig. 28. Developmental expression of protein kinase C (PKC) isoenzymes in rat cerebellum. Immunofluores-cent staining of cerebellar cortex by antibodies specific for PKC 1, corresponding to PKCr (panels A, B and C), PKC (panels D, E and F) and PKCa (panels G, H and I), Sagittal sections of cerebellum of 1-week-old (A, D and G), 2-week-old (B, E and H) and 3-week-old (C, F and I) rats were used. PKCr antibody stained mainly the Purkinje ceil bodies and dendrites throughout the development. PKC/8 antibody stained the cerebellar granule cells in the external germinal layer (EGL) of the 1- and 2-week-old rats and mainly the granular layer of the 3-week-old rats. PKCa antibody stained both granule cells and Purkinje cells throughout the development. Fluang et al. (1991).

Fig. 30. A. Frontal section through the cerebellum and attached brainstem of an adult rat. All the Purkinje cells are stained by cyclic 3, 5 -guanosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase (cGK) antiserum, including their dendrites in the molecular layer and their axon terminals in the deep nuclei and in the brainstem (arrow). Bar = 1 mm. B. Higher magnification of the neurons indicated by an arrow head in A. Like a few other isolated labelled cells found in variable locations, these cells are considered as ectopic Purkinje cells. Bar = 50 /tm. C. cGK immunoreactive neuron in the cerebellum of I day-old rat. This ectopic Purkinje cell is located in the white matter and its appearance mimics that of 1-day-old Purkinje cells as visualized in Golgi impregnated material. Bar = 25 /tm. Wassef and Sotelo (1984).

Several polypeptides, that are present in all Purkinje cells, but not in other cells of the cerebellum, have been mentioned in the previous sections of this chapter. They include the IP3 receptor (identical to the P400 protein and to the PCPP-260 protein of Walaas et al., 1986) (see Section 3.1.4), IPj-S-kinase (Section 3.1.4), cGMP-dependent protein kinase (Section 3.1.5), PEP-19 and calbindin-D28K (Section 3.1.7). Two other... 

The large ealiber fibers within the compartments of the white matter could be identified as Purkinje cell axons with axonal tracing methods and immunohistochemistry with Purkinje cell-specific antibodies. They appear as discrete bundles, separated by narrow gaps with antibodies against cyelic GMP-dependent protein kinase (De Camilli et al.,... 

The epitopes recognized by Hawkes family of monoclonal antibodies known as the anti-Zebrins are localized on Purkinje cells (see Section 3.1.8.). Zonal patterns that are identical or very similar to Zebrin I and II have been described for the distribution of 5 -nucleotidase (see above), the p75 low affinity nerve growth factor receptor protein in the rat (Section 3.1.10., Fig. 38), protein kinase C delta (Fig. 133) (see Section 3.1.5.) and the B30 antibody of Stainier and Gilbert (1989) (see Section 3.1.8.). Immunoreactiv-ity in mouse Purkinje cells for an antibody against HNK is partially congruent with the Zebrin negative Purkinje cells, but Zebrin+/HNK-l- Purkinje cells also exist (Hawkes, 1992 Eisenman and Hawkes, 1993). The similarity between the Zebrin pattern and the transient zonal patterns in the development of the Purkinje cell specific marker L7 is discussed in Section 6.2. 

Fig. 133. Distribution of protein kinase C delta-immunoreactive Purkinje cells in transverse section through the posterior lobe of rat cerebellum. This pattern is similar to the distribution of Zebrin. Bar = 0,5 mm. Chen and Hillman (1993a).

Several markers for adult Purkinje cells have been used to trace back their origin. Wassef and Sotelo (1984) studied the expression of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase (cGK) immunoreactivity during development of the rat (Fig. 155). They found a transient heterogeneity of the Purkinje cells for an antibody against cyclic GMP-dependent... 

Fig. 155. Staining with cyclic 3, 5 -guanosine monophosphate dependent protein kinase (cGK) antisera of sections of cerebellum of rat fetuses of embryonic day E17, E19 and a neonate (PO) cut in the frontal plane. A,B- E17. Cluster I is composed of a medial sheet (arrow in B) lying against the germinative neuroepithelium. Close to the midline this sheet bends dorsally and reaches the cortex. The central cluster (CC) is located at the center of the hemicerebellum. C. E19. In this section four of the five cGK-positive clusters I-V are present. The labelled fiber-like material, which tails the labelled clusters ( and o) indicates the migration pathways followed by the Purkinje cells of the clusters I and III from the subventricular plate and the central cluster at El7 to their present, superficial position. D. PO rat pup. Fiber bundles linking the clusters I and III with the cerebellar nuclei intersect at the former position of the central cluster. It is suggested that the bundle from cluster III ( ) terminates in the dorsolateral protuberance. In the adult this connection corresponds to the projection of the lateral extension of the A zone of Buisseret-Delmas (1988a, compare Figs. 142 and 144). Bar in A = 100 /tm, in B, C and D = 500 fxm. Wassef and Sotelo (1984).

Crepel F, Krupa M (1988) Activation of protein kinase C induces a long-term depression of glutamate sensitivity of cerebellar Purkinje cells. An in vitro study. Brain Res., 458, 397-401. 

Kose A, Saito N, Ito H, Kikkawa U, Nishizuka Y, Tanaka C (1988) Electron microscopic localization of type I protein kinase C in rat Purkinje cells. J. Neurosci., 8, 4262-4268. 

Wassef M, Sotelo C (1984) Asynchrony in the expression of cyclic GMP dependent protein kinase by clusters of Purkinje cells during the perinatal development of rat cerebellum. Neuroscience, 13, 1219-1243. 

Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (150 nM) dramatically reduced the size of the dendritic tree of Purkinje cells from slice cultures of postnatal rat cerebellum, while the axonal projections of the Purkinje cells to the deep cerebellar nuclei appeared unaffected (Kapfhammer and Egle 1999). The protein kinase C inhibitor, GF 109203X (5 pM) increased both length and arborization of the dendrites. 

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