Pumiliotoxin enantioselective synthesis

The catalytic oxidative carbonylation of allene with PdCb and CuCh in MeOH affords methyl a-methoxymethacrylate (559)[499]. The intramolecular oxidative aminocarbonylation of the 6-aminoallene 560 affords the unsaturated J-amino ester 561. The reaction has been applied to the enantioselective synthesis of pumiliotoxin (562)[500]. A similar intramolecular oxycarbonyla-tion of 6-hydroxyallenes affords 2-(2-tetrahydrofuranyl)acrylates[501]. 

An enantioselective synthesis of the natural venom pumiliotoxin C 98 and its unnatural enantiomer was achieved from (/ )-norvaline in a multistep... 

Thus, (2R)-pumiliotoxin C (214) has been prepared from (R)-norvaline (212). The asymmetric center in the triene (213) controls the configuration at three carbon atoms 210). a-Kainic acid, isolated from the algae Digena simplex and Centrocerus clavulatum, was prepared by total synthesis. Its enantioselective synthesis involved a stereocon trolled intramolecular cycloaddition of a (S)-glutamic acid211). Asymmetric cycloadditions also play a decisive role in the synthesis of chiral cytochalasins. In this case 212> the primary chiral information was carried by (S)-alanine and (S)-phenylalanine, respectively. 

Decahydroquinoline Alkaloids.—Full details of an earlier briefly described synthesis of ( )-pumiliotoxin C have been published.28 Other total syntheses of the same compound have been documented, starting from trans-4-hexenal,29 and from ethyl tra s-buta-l,3-diene-l-carbamate.30 An enantioselective synthesis of natural (-)-pumiliotoxin-C hydrochloride (34) has also been described (Scheme 6),... 

The reverse case, a cyclization in an endocyclic fashion with respect to the iminium salt and in an exocyclic way with respect to the vinylsilane part, is represented by the first enantioselective synthesis of (-l-)-pumiliotoxin A (Scheme 26), which establishes, for the first time, the complete stereostructure of this famous cardiac-active poisonous alkaloid obtained from frogs. The key step, the impressively stereo-... 

Intramolecular reaction of allenes is known to proceed mainly by palladation at the central carbon to generate alkenylpalladium 235, which undergoes further reactions. Also TT-allylpalladium 236 is formed when a nucleophile attacks the central carbon. The intramolecular aminopalladation of the 6-aminoallene 237, followed by CO insertion, afforded the unsaturated amino ester 238. The reaction has been applied to the enantioselective synthesis of pumiliotoxin [103]. Oxycarbonylation of the allenyl alcohol 239 afforded the unsaturated ester 240 in 83 % yield using a catalytic amount of PdCl2 and 3 equivalents of CuCb in MeOH and is used for the synthesis of rhopaloic acid [104]. 

Oppolzer, W. FrostI, W. Weber, H. P. "The Total Synthesis of d/-Pumiliotoxin-C" Helv. Chim. Acta 1975, 58, 593. Oppolzer, W. Flaskamp, E. "An Enantioselective Synthesis and the Absolute Configuration of Natural Pumiliotoxin-C" Helv. CNm. Acta 1977, 60, 204. Oppolzer, W. Flaskamp. E. Bieber. L. W. "Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of Pumilbtoxin C via Intramolecluar [4+2] Cycloaddition" Helv. Chim. Acta 2001, 84,141-145. Eor a related approach to pumiliotoxin-C and other Dendrobatid alkaloids see Banner, E. J. Stevens, E. D. Trudell, M. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 2004,45,4411-4414. 

Oppolzer, W., and E. Flaskamp An enantioselective synthesis and the absolute configuration of natural pumiliotoxin-C. Helv. Chim. Acta 60, 204—201 (1977). 

In connection with the enantioselective alkylation of Pro or 4-hydroxy-proline, the azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane system 81 was obtained after reaction with pivaldehyde (81HCA2704 85HCA155). In a more complex transformation A-protected L-Pro was transformed into the same bicyclic system (Scheme 49) (81JA1851 84JA4192). The product was prepared as a model substance in the total synthesis of pumiliotoxin. A related compound 82 was prepared from 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-pyrrolidinone (prepared from L-pyroglutamic acid) by an acid-catalyzed condensation with benzaldehyde (86JOC3140). 

The alio series of the pumiliotoxin A class have an additional hydroxyl group that has been placed at C-7 on the indolizidine ring, without assignment of configuration. Three members of the alio series have been assigned the tentative structures (7), (8), and (9).3 Pumiliotoxins A and B are relatively toxic, and comparable in potency to strychnine. Pumiliotoxin B has a potent cardiotonic and myotonic activity.3 An enantioselective total synthesis of pumiliotoxin A alkaloids from L-proline has already been announced.4... 

During the enantioselective total synthesis of denrobatid alkaloid (-)-pumiliotoxin C by C. Kibayashi et al., an aqueous acyinitroso Diels-Alder cycloaddition was used as the key step. In the endgame of the total synthesis, the c/s-fused decahydroquinolone was subjected to the Clemmensen reduction conditions to give a 2 1 epimeric mixture of deoxygenated products in 57% yield. Subsequent debenzylation converted the major isomer into 5-ep/-pumiliotoxin C. 

Later on, the Rueping group reported an organocatalytic enantioselective reduction of pyridine 180 (Scheme 17.30) [74], according to the procedure described by Bohlmann and Rahtz [75]. The key step in the synthesis of decahydroquinolines from the pumiliotoxin family involved Hantzsch dUiydropyridine 172 as the hydride source and involved BINOL-phosphoric acid 181 as a chiral Br0nsted acid catalyst... 

Scheme 5.109 Copper-catalyzed enantioselective conjugate addition of dimethyl zinc and enolate trapping by palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation to ketone 427. Application to a synthesis of pumiliotoxin C.

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