Pulsed conveying system

No further conditioning of the material occurs along the length of the pipeline. The pulse phase system was initially proposed as a solution to the problem of conveying cohesive bulk solids, but subsequent developments have shown that a wider range of materials can... 

There is no standard pulse sequence nomenclature so that the system adopted in this book is a combination of the acronyms used in literature and the relevant adjectives to highlight the differences between similar experiments. A pulse sequence name must convey the following information ... 

The era of electrical communication started in 1837 with the invention of the telegraph by Samuel F. B. Morse. The telegraph system used the Morse code, which represents letters and numbers by a coded combination of dots and dashes. The encoded symbols were conveyed by sending short and long pulses of electricity over a copper wire at a rate of tens of pulses per second. The telegraph and Morse code dramatically improved the speed, quahty, and information capacity of transmission, although well-trained and skilled operators were required. 

The second application of luminescence spectroscopy in polymer science has been as a tool to study polymer systems themselves. Here a fluorescent or phosphorescent dye is introduced into a polymer environment as a molecular sensor of the environment. One chooses the dye with a knowledge of its spectroscopy in the hopes that changes in its emission spectrum, or, in a pulsed experiment, its emission decay profile, will convey detailed molecular level information about the polymer system itself. These are the experiments which mimic applications of luminescent sensor techniques in biology, where these dyes provide information about hydrophobicity in proteins, local polarity at water-membrane interfaces, distances in antibody-antigen interactions, and a wide variety of other issues concerning system morphology and dynamics. 

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