Fluorescent lights, compact

A number of new technology promotion options are being explored in the lighting area. Work is undeiway on market transformation programs based on bulk procurement for improved efficacy incandescent light bulbs and for compact fluorescent lamps and fixtures. For incandescent lamps, adaptations of the infrared reflective lamp coating that is already in use on reflector bulbs are encouraged by the EPAct requirement. 

Key technologies that are used in modern lighting include electronic ballasts, more efficient tubular fluorescent lamps, compact fluorescent lamps, and lighting controls. Fluorescent lighting is the predominant lighting system installed in post-1980 buildings and is used in 71 percent of floor space. Specialty retail stores use a combination of fluorescent and... 

Energy efficiency experienced some important setbacks in the mid-to late 1980s due to a number of prominent technology failures. For example, early pulse combustion gas boilers, compact fluorescent lighting, and some triple-glazed windows experienced... 

Of other concern are mercury-containing lamps. At the end-of-life, compact fluorescent lamps/fluorescent tube lights (CFLs/FTFs) are either disposed in bulk (sold in auction) or disposed individually along with municipal waste. Proper and safe collection of these products would mean its intact collection, transportation and recovery of different components including mercury. The case study outlines the possible hazardous consequences due to improper handling of EoL CFLs and FTLs and proposes a future safe collection, recycling and disposal plan. 

CFL (Compact Fluorescent Lamp) In lighting, CFL stands for compact fluorescent lamp, a type of light bulb that provides considerable energy savings over traditional incandescent light bulbs. 

Inorganic LEDs have advantages over incandescent lights They consume less energy, live longer, are more robust, have smaller size, and switch quickly they require better current and heat control than compact fluorescent bulbs. 

Cerium is an essential component in several of the new generation of phosphors in tricolor lamps that have made possible more efficient and more compact fluorescent lighting (31). 

Compact Fluorescent - A smaller version of standard fluorescent lamps which can directly replace standard incandescent lights. These lights consist of a gas filled tube, and a magnetic or electronic ballast. 

Flat-panel screens contain mercury (except for plasma screens). These flat panel screens require separate internal lighting sources to illuminate the liquid-crystal flat screens from behind. Usually this is a cold-compact fluorescent lamp (CCFL) which contains mercury. 

Our best hope for the future is the sun, the ultimate renewable energy resource, continuously bombarding Earth with about 180,000 TW of radiant power. This is enough to power about 10 quadrillion compact fluorescent light bulbs over... 

A reasonable number of internal lighting points should be wired that will only take energy-efficient lamps such as fluorescent tubes and compact fluorescent lamps, CFLs. 

Fluorescent lamps are more efficient than incandescent lamps in converting electricity into light. In the near future, even more efficient LED (light-emitting diode) lamps will replace fluorescent lamps. Replacing a 75 W incandescent bulb with an 18 W compact fluorescent bulb saves 57 W. Over the 10 000-h lifetime of the fluorescent bulb, you will reduce CO2 emission by -600 kg and will put 10 kg less SO2 into the atmosphere (see Problem 19-22). Alas, fluorescent bulbs contain Hg and should be recycled at a collection center where Hg will be captured from the bulbs. They should not be discarded as ordinary waste. 

In synthetic contexts, thiyl radicals are known to engage in a number of useful reactions [191-198], including C-H bond abstraction [197, 199-203]. Recently, MacMillan has demonstrated the capacity of catalytically generated thiyl radicals to cleave the C-H bond of benzylic ethers for radical coupling reactions (Fig. 27) to form diaryl methanols (a) [204] or p-amino ethers (b) [205]. The light source is either a Blue LED or a Compact fluorescent lamp (CFL), as designated above. In both reactions, a wide variety of arene components and ether substitutions are tolerated to furnish a diverse set of products and only a catalytic amount of methyl thioglycolate is necessary to affect the desired C-H HAT event. In the formation of diaryl ethers (Fig. 27a), phosphate serves as the base, whereas the P-amino ether... 

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