Pulmonary impairment

Long-term, low-level exposure [generally below the 0.02 ppm threshold limit value (TLV)] was not associated with any pulmonary impairment in workers at a chemical plant with MIC exposure. ... 

Use with caution in patients with pulmonary disease rare reports of death after initiation of benzodiazepines in patients with severe pulmonary impairment... 

Ferguson, J.S., Alarie, Y. (1991). Long term pulmonary impairment following a single exposure to methyl isocyanate. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 107 253-68. 

Jones et al. 1988b McGavin and Sheers 1984 Miller et al. 1992 Rom and Travis 1992 Schwartz et al. 1990). In some cases, pulmonary impairment from pleural thickening can be very severe, even causing death (Miller et al. 1983). 

Kee ST, Gamsu G, Blanc P. 1996. Causes of pulmonary impairment in asbestos-exposed individuals with diffuse pleirral thickening. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 154 789-793. 

Effects The compound is relatively nontoxic unless ingested. After ingestion, the initial effect is gastrointestinal irritation with hematemesis and bloody stools. Within a few days, signs of pulmonary impairment occur and are usually progressive, resulting in severe pulmonary fibrosis and, often, death. 

Several decades ago, investigators attempted to characterize pulmonary impairment caused by exposure to nerve agents by performing pulmonary function studies (such as measurements of vital capacity and maximal breathing capacity) on subjects exposed to small amounts of sarin vapor (the Ct values for sarin ranged up to 19.6 mg min/m3).60 Some observers found increases in airway resistance61 and other changes, while other researchers did not.62... 

A. Asbestosis is a slowly progressive fibrosing disease of the lungs. Pulmonary impairment resulting from lung restriction and decreased gas exchange Is common. 

III. Clinical presentation. Exposure to moderate concentrations of phosgene causes mild cough and minimal mucous membrane irritation. After an asymptomatic interval of 30 minutes to 8 hours (depending on the duration and concentration of exposure), the victim develops dyspnea and hypoxemia. Pulmonary edema may be delayed up to 24 hours. Permanent pulmonary impairment may be a sequela of serious exposure. 

Toxicoiogy ACGIH TLVTWA 2 mg/m (respirable dust) mildly irritating to lungs overexposure may cause coughing, dyspnea, black sputum, pulmonary impairment, lung fibrosis TSCA listed... 

Riva DR, MagalhSes CB, Lopes AA, Langas T, Mauad T, Malm O, Valen9a SS, Saldiva PH, Eaffe DS, Zin WA (2011) Low dose of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can induce acute oxidative stress, inflammation and pulmonary impairment in healthy mice. Inhal Toxicol 23 257-267 Romans S, Cohen M, Forte T (2011) Rates of depression and anxiety in urban and rural Canada. 

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