Pulmonary anomalies

Exposure of fetuses to valproate uncommonly results in pulmonary anomalies, as in a newborn boy with unilateral lung agenesis [390 ]. 

Winchester, J.W. (1989) Regional anomalies in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease comparison with acid rain pollution particulate characteristics. Arch. Environ. Contaminat. 

Stanger P Cassidy SC, Girod DA, et al. Balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty results of the valvuloplasty and angioplasty of congenital anomalies registry. AmJ Cardiol 1990 65(1 I) 775-783. 

Great vessel transposition Congenital anomaly in which the pulmonary artery exits from the left ventricle and the aorta from the right ventricle. Incompatible with life unless a large patent ductus or ventricular septal defect is present... 

Congenital Anomalies of Thoracic Systemic and Pulmonary Veins Visualized with Computed Tomography... 

Single pulmonary veins are a rare anomaly. Rey et al. (1986) reported group of patients with anomalous unilateral single pulmonary vein, which most frequently occurred on the right side, as in presented case (Figure 19). Bilateral single pulmonary veins are rarely reported, e.g. by Hidvegi and Lapin (1998). 

Anomalous pulmonary venous return (APVR) may occur in the total or partial forms. Total anomalous pulmonary venous return is a more severe form of this anomaly, where all pulmonary veins drain outside of the left atrium, and are directed into right atrium via anomalous connections. TAPVR may produce severe symptoms, including cyanosis, difficulty breathing, low blood pressure and acidosis. Signs and symptoms are less severe in partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR), which is an anomalous connection of... 

A 2-month-old boy bom to a mother taking valproate had typical dysmorphic features characteristic of fetal valproate syndrome [342 ]. He had a distinctive facial appearance, a cluster of minor and major anomalies, central nervous system dysfunction, a persistent left superior vena cava draining into a dilated coronary sinus, and mild pulmonary hypertension. 

The prevalence of tracheobronchial tree anomalies varies between 1 and 3%, which largely represents the fact that some of these anomaUes do not cause symptoms such as recurrent episodes of pulmonary infections or airway obstruction. These anomahes include additional bronchi originating from the trachea (tracheal bronchus) (Bakir and Terzibasioglu 2007) or main bronchi (accessory cardiac bronchus), bronchopulmonary foregut malformations, and bronchial atresia. 

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