Bronchopulmonary foregut malformation

Bronchopulmonary foregut malformations are rare congenital anomalies that are characterized by a fistula between an isolated portion of respiratory tissue and the foregut (Srikanth et al. 1992). Of these malformations, the esophageal bronchus communicating with the lower esophagus is the most common. Com-... 

Srikanth MS, Ford EG, Stanley P, Mahour GH (1992) Communicating bronchopulmonary foregut malformations classification and embryogenesis. J Pediatr Surg 27 732-736... 

The prevalence of tracheobronchial tree anomalies varies between 1 and 3%, which largely represents the fact that some of these anomaUes do not cause symptoms such as recurrent episodes of pulmonary infections or airway obstruction. These anomahes include additional bronchi originating from the trachea (tracheal bronchus) (Bakir and Terzibasioglu 2007) or main bronchi (accessory cardiac bronchus), bronchopulmonary foregut malformations, and bronchial atresia. 

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