Public health tool

Use of an effective vaccine in horses would prevent outbreaks of epizootic VEE, as equines are the major amplifying species for VEE virus. Vaccination of horses is not a useful public health tool for EEE, WEE, or enzootic VEE, however, since horses are not important as amplifying hosts for these diseases. Investigational formalin-inactivated vaccines for humans are available for WEE and EEE, but they require multiple injections and are poorly immunogenic. Insecticide measures of vector control may also have an impact on ameliorating epidemic transmission. 

This is the key piece of information that should be collected from any future trials of personal protection tools if they are ever to be considered as public health tools applied at a community scale to prevent disease transmitted outdoors, in the day or evening, rather than just niche tools for particular lifestyles or occupations. Furthermore, dichlorvos is an example of a repellent tool that requires little compliance—it just requires the replacement of dispensers every 2 weeks. It is essential that future research examines such low-compliance interventions that will help to address the two greatest barriers to repellent implementation cost and compliance. 

Chapter 1 Public Health Statement The Public Health Statement can be a useful tool for educating patients about possible exposure to a hazardous substance. It explains a substance s relevant toxicologic properties in a nontechnical, question-and-answer format, and it includes a review of the general health effects observed following exposure. 

Chemicals are an essential part of modern commerce and cannot be eliminated without catastrophic consequences to public health, the environment and the economy. Limiting exposure to the most hazardous chemicals has been the focus of national and international groups for many years. The USEPA relies on the development and implementation of regulations such as the Clean Water Act, Toxics Uses Reduction Act (TURA) and the Clean Air Act (CAA) as regulatory pollution prevention tools. 

Henderson, Donald A., Thomas V. Inglesby, and Tara O Toole, eds. Bioterrorism Guidelines for Medial and Public Health Management. Chicago, IL AMA Press, 2002. 

Dennis, David T., Thomas V. Inglesby, Donald A. Henderson, John G. Bartlett, Michael S. Ascher, Edward Eitzen, Anne D. Fine, Arthur M. Friedlander, Jerome Hauer, Marcelle Layton, Scott R. Lillibridge, Joseph E. McDade, Michael T. Osterholm, Tara O Toole, Gerald Parker, Trish M. Perl, Philip K. Russell, and Kevin Tonat. "Tularemia as a Biological Weapon Medical and Public Health Management." Journal of the American Medical Association 285 (2001) 2763-773. 

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