Proximity mechanism

Tschirren, B., Fitze, P. S., and Richner, H. 2003. Proximate mechanisms of variation in the carotenoid-based plumage coloration of nestling great tits (Parus major L.). J. Evol. Biol. 16 91-100. 

Proximate Mechanisms of Herbivore Tolerance 10.2.1 Defining Tolerance ... 

Mice vary their urination pattern according to urine cues from other mice they find in their environment. Adult male mice urinate most near cues from prepubertal and adult females, while adult females urinate more near cues from males than those from females (Drickamer, 1986). This proximate mechanism is consistent with a communication function. 

It was only after the role of acetylcholine in the functioning of the autonomic nervous system, in neuroeffector transmission to the various entitles Innervated by that system and to skeletal muscles (3-11), and In synaptic transmission within some areas of the central and peripheral nervous systems (12-17) had been demonstrated that the proximate mechanism of action of atropine, scopolamine, and ocher compounds of similar activity could be understood, niese c[Pg.133]

Table VIII. Proximal Mechanisms Involved in Carcinogenic Interactions of Pesticides...

McShea, W.J. 1990. Social tolerance and proximate mechanisms of dispersal among winter groups of meadow voles, Microtus pennsyhanicus. Anim. Behav. 39, 346—351. 

The proximal mechanism for induction of stress protein synthesis leading to the activation of HSF and gene activation is not completely understood, but evidence for several possibilities exists. Activation of HSF by prooxidants does not result in the accumulation of specific stress proteins (Bruce et al. 1993). These results suggest that induction of stress proteins by specific metals, whose toxicity is mediated via oxidative damage to membranes or DNA, may be fundamentally different from that of the heat-induced activation of the stress response (Keyse and Tyrrell 1987 Bruce et al. 1993). Thus, metals such as cadmium, mercury, nickel, arsenite, copper, lead, and iron, which induce oxygen free radicals or promote formation of lipid peroxides (Stacey and Klaassen 1981 Halliwell and Gutteridge 1984 Christie and Costa 1984 Kasprzak 1991 Donati et al. 1991), may... 

---