Protozoa aerobic

Protozoa A group of motile microscopic animals (usually single-celled and aerobic) that sometimes cluster into colonies and often consume bacteria as an energy source. 

It is most likely that the protoeukaryote host and enslaved purple symbiont were both facultative aerobes, able to live under anaerobic or aerobic conditions (Cavalier-Smith 2002b) this makes their coming together easy to understand and fits all we know of the diversity of mitochondrial/hydrogeno-somal properties as well as of the rest of the eukaryotic cell, especially in the basal kingdom Protozoa. Given that most actinobacteria are aerobes, it is... 

Ellis JE, Setchell KD, Kaneshiro ES (1994) Detection of ubiquinone in parasitic and free-living protozoa, including species devoid of mitochondria. Mol Biochem Parasitol 65 213-224 Embley TM, Finlay BJ, Dyal PL, Hirt RP, Wilkinson M, Williams AG (1995) Multiple origins of anaerobic ciliates with hydrogenosomes within the radiation of aerobic ciliates. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 262 87-93... 

Eukaryotes Protozoa (Foraminifera, Radiolaria, Dinoflagellata) Yeast (anaerob) Fungi (aerob) Fish (Brotulidae, Amblyopsidae, Astyanax Jordani, Caecobarbus Geertsi) > 3 pm 20 pm mm... cm... 

Sinclair, J. L. Ghiorse, W. C. (1989). Distribution of aerobic bacteria, protozoa, algae, and fungi in deep subsurface sediments. Geomicrobiology Journal, 1, 15-31. 

Protozoa are motile eukaryotes, the majority of which are aerobic heterotrophs. They are typically an order of magnitude larger than bacteria and often consume bacteria as an energy source. As far as MBRs are concerned it seems that protozoa and metazoa may not be as dominant as in CAS processes. Witzig et al. [36] analyzed samples from an MBR process and found that, with the exception of short periods after changes in operating conditions, protozoa and metazoa were rarely present in the sludge community. 

Lloyd, D., Williams, J., Yarlett, N. and Williams, A. G. (1982) Oxygen affinities of the hydrogenosome-containing protozoa Tritrichomonas foetus and Dasytricha ruminantium, and two aerobic protozoa, determined by bacterial bioluminescence. J. Gen. Microbiol. 128 1019-1022. 

The differences in putrescine biosynthesis between aerobic and anaerobic protozoa may be a consequence of the absence of mitochondria in the latter and may be linked to the need for alternative ATP-generating processes. This pathway has the advantage of producing a non-acidic end-product (putrescine), whereas the other major end-... 

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