Proton exchange membrane fuel cell electrical energy efficiency

Fuel cells are electrochemical cells where the chemical energy of the fuel was converted into electricity for power generation with high efficiency [1,2]. Industrial purified hydrogen and air are often used in fuel cells to eliminate any pollution or emission, which is known as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In a typical PEMFC, a steam of hydrogen is deUvered to the anode side of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) [3,4], At the anode, it is catalyzed by platinum (Pt) and split into protons and electrons. This oxidation half-cell reaction is represented as follows ... 

Fuel cells as clean and efficient energy devices convert chemical energy in a fuel directly into electricity via electrochemical reactions. Several types of fuel cells, such as phosphoric acid (PAFC), proton exchange membrane (PEMFC), molten carbonate (MCFC), solid oxide (SOFC), and alkaline fuel cells (AFCs), have been... 

Fuel cells are devices that convert the chemical energy stored in the fuel directly into electricity. They provide pollution-free clean energy and are extremely efficient. The most important component of fuel cell is the proton conductive membrane which transports proton from the anode to the cathode of the fuel cell, and also separates the fuel and the oxidant. Therefore, desirable properties of proton exchange membrane (PEM) include high proton conductivity, high resistance to... 

---