Proton components

Distribution data suggest that when TBP is used the extracted niobium compound is associated with three molecules of extractant, whereas the tantalum compound is associated with two molecules of extractant except at very low metal loadings.326 Nevertheless, it is likely that the role of the extractant is to solvate the proton component of the extracted fluorometallic acid rather than to solvate the metal ion directly. 

Antiprotons and positrons. Antiprotons and positrons are of special interest because an excess over what is expected from production by protons during propagation could reflect an exotic process such as evaporation of primordial black holes or decay of exotic relic particles (Bottino et al., 1998). At a more practical level, they are important because they are secondaries of the dominant proton component of the cosmic radiation. As a consequence their spectra and abundances provide an independent constraint on models of cosmic-ray propagation (Moskalenko et al., 1998). 

Type of protons Component of r,a Isotactic PMMA Syndiotactic PMMA ... 

Caution. Triethylborane is spontaneously flammable. Before using this material a technical bulletin such as Trialkylboranes, Technical and Handling Bulletin, Gallery Chemical Co., April, 1978, should be consulted. In the presence of 2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid, it reacts with water or alcohols at 0° with the liberation of ethane. All coolants must therefore be free of protonic components. Aliphatin is well-suited as a coolant. 

The proton component is strongly attenuated by the atmosphere with an attenuation length (reduction by a factor of e) of about 120 g-cm. It constitutes about 1% of the total vertical sea level flux. 

Deuteration of one polymer component, either one homopolymer in a blend, or one block of a copolymer, can also be utilized to study phase separation. In cross-polarized experiments, such as CPMAS/DD or the deuterated species will not appear in the spectrum for heterogeneous samples, or will be observed but with the relaxation time of the protonated component for homogeneous samples. 

While contrast matching with neutrons can easily be performed over a wide range when protonated components are present, contrast matching in case of X-ray scattering is... 

The enthalpic part of the FH parameters appears very much influenced by the isotope effect, e.g., whether the PB(l,2) or PB(l,4) is deuterated or not. If one considers a PB copolymer mixture of only protonated components, using the van der Waals interaction parameters in Table 3 and setting... 

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