Proto life

Model building is part of all science lovely falsifiable hypotheses are built and then broken on the cold facts. Certain key components are common to all models of life s origins—water (though not necessarily in an ocean aerosols are possible hosts of proto-life) inorganic supplies of thermodynamic drive (i.e., interface settings where two or more different conditions are... 

Synthesis of RNA-like molecules and conversion of these proto-life forms and quenching to colder temperatures of the primitive oceans. 

Figure 9.2. Modeling of proto life logical requirements, their realization, and barriers to overcomet l...

The Sun formed some 4.5 Gyr ago (Gyr is a Gigayear or 109 years) from its own gas cloud called the solar nebula, which consisted of mainly hydrogen but also all of the heavier elements that are observed in the spectrum of the Sun. Similarly, the elemental abundance on the Earth and all of the planets was defined by the composition of the solar nebula and so was ultimately responsible for the molecular inventory necessary for life. The solar system formed from a slowly rotating nebula that contracted around the proto-sun, forming the system of planets called the solar system. Astronomers have recently discovered solar systems around... 

For the Protos, it had been another successful raid. Several slaves had died, but the Protos themselves suffered few injuries. Owing to their chemical weapon, the Protos could raid the Lepts with little loss of life to themselves or their victims. If any society based on slavery could be characterized as "advanced," the Protos certainly seemed so. Other slave-raiders that preyed on Lept nurseries killed as many adults as possible during their assaults. Some even ate their victims. In comparison, the Protos could pass as relatively civilized. From the Proto point of view, of course, charity... 

The Protos warfare on their Lept neighbors depended heavily on chemicals, but ants are by no means unique in making extensive use of chemicals for communication and warfare. From one-celled organisms to complex plants and animals, many living creatures do the same. As species develop over evolutionary time, it is relatively easy for them to adapt their cellular machinery to producing chemicals for communication, warfare, and other purposes. These chemicals facilitate the way of life of organisms spread all across the biological spectrum. 

Organisms, wherever they are, interact with one another to live, and chemicals mediate many of these contacts. Some interactions may be optional and occasional, whereas others are absolutely necessary to sustain the organism s way of life. Protos can survive only by keeping Lepts as slaves. Various species of slavemaking ants differ in their self-sufficiency, but Protos have lost the ability to care for themselves. Deprived of its slaves, a Proto colony soon deteriorates. 

What does your intuition say did macromolecular self-replication systems come first in the origin of life or should they be seen as the product of a mature cellular or proto-cellular metabolism ... 

Lukes J (1992) Life cycle of Goussia pannonica (Molnar 1989) (Apicomplexa, Eimerior-ina), an extracytoplasmic coccidium from the white bream Blicca bjoerkna. Proto-zool 39 484-494... 

Membranes have many functions in addition to acting as a container for the macromolecular polymers of life. Three primary membrane functions associated with a proto cell would include selective inward transport of nutrients from the environment, capture of the energy available in light or oxidation-reduction potentials, and coupling of that energy to some form of energy currency such as ATP in order to drive polymer synthesis (Fig. 3). 

Several processes involving the continuous feeding in activated reactants supplying chemical energy have been proposed to lead to the emergence of proto-metabolisms (otherwise called chemo-metabolisms), defined as a sequence of thermodynamically favorable chemical reactions (usually cyclic) through which more evolved species could have been produced, and that could have been the starting point from which life developed. 

The purpose of the qualification/audit is for the sponsor to investigate the standard practices of the contractor. Quality as well as technical capabilities should be evaluated. One should determine where the test article will actually be stored, the department that will conduct the in-life portion, make an assessment of procedures (SOPs) for dosing, identify differences between the sponsor s general practices and the facilities operating procedures (proto-col/study-specific procedures (SSPs), and assess the process of interim data exchange and the method of reporting of SOP and protocol deviations to the study director and the sponsor. 

So when does the first evidence of improbable, information-containing, metabolic replication occur in the fossil record The Earth is 4,500 million years old, as judged by several corroborating radionuclide studies of the oldest rocks on the planet show. Meteoric bombardment of the proto-Earth continued heavily until 4,000 MY A, probably precluding life during this period. The majority of the oldest rocks on Earth are 3,500 million years old, and the earliest microfossils are from 3,000+ MYA, hence we only have a window of about 500 million years from the end of the meteoric bombardment to the first signs of microbial life. This means we are either very lucky, or life is a high-on certainty ... 

An amazing variety of chemical reactions take place in living organisms. At the forefront of coordinating the numerous and intricate reactions of life are the large molecules called proteins, whose name comes from the Greek root word protos, meaning first. 

My hypothesis began to take shape an instinctual or innate psychological drive or tendency that had been an essential and defining feature of advanced animal life had become the barrier which prevented proto-man from achieving the most important of all evolutionary quantum leaps. And it was this barrier, this very powerful and efficient psychological trait or instinct which had been eroded and then (at least temporarily) suspended by proto-man s exposure to psychedelic drugs. 

The interaction of radiation with biomolecular targets has broad and deep implications in modern life. Some modern speculation involves the interaction of swiff ions and /or photons (y-radiation) with interstellar proto-biotic molecules to produce glycine, a precursor of life [4]. The interaction of ions and gamma rays can be used to treat, or cause, cancers, depending on the point of applicafion and the nature of the radiation. Single, double, or multiple strand breaks in DNA can cause damage with resulting repair, mutation, or cell death. 

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