Proteomics metabolome and

These seemingly simple questions have profound implications because they ask us to examine possibly obsolete policies and behaviors that have become deeply ingrained and unexamined habit patterns. For instance, let us consider the fields of genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and systems biology as applied to pharmaceutical R D ... 

One inhibiting factor in commercial development of transgenic oilseeds with novel traits is public acceptance. The primary principle upon which approval has been based is known as substantial equivalence, which means that aside from any introduced changes, the composition of the plant or seed remains essentially unchanged. However, the concept of unintended consequences expands the scope of substantial equivalence, which establishes criteria that must be examined and met. Satisfying the concern for unintended consequences broadened the concept of substantial equivalence to include transcripts, the proteome, metabolome, and even genome sameness (43). In the approval process for a transgenic plant, these issues become a key part of the risk assessment both for food crops (44) and for industrial crops (45). 

Mass spectrometry, just after a century of its existence continues to be one of the most important workhorses of chemistry. Over the years, it has become the single most important analytical tool in proteomics, metabolomics and several other disciplines. " Traditional materials science has been away from the influence of mass spectrometry as tools of solid state materials science such as X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, electron spectroscopy and several others continue to be the principal means of analysis of solids. However, when dimension of matter reduces to the ultra-small regime, of the order of a nanometer, materials science requires mass spectrometry for detailed characterisation. This chapter explores this emerging influence of mass spectrometry in materials science taking noble metal clusters (M ) as examples. 

Therefore, some applications restricted until now to FT-ICR (TOF analyzers have not been used, due to lack of resolving power) can be transferred to orbitrap analyzers, such as proteomics metabolomics, and other omics approaches. The main advantage is that orbitrap does not need such an expensive and delicate maintenance as FT-ICR does. 

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