Proteomics biomarkers

Biological, individual, and variations between individuals (such as gender, age, and nutrition) affect peptidomes and require careful consideration in order to find valid biomarkers. A few, equally important factors for successful proteomic biomarker research are high sample quality, high sensitivity, and reproducibility that depend on proper selection of the high quality samples. 

Jacobs JM, Adkins JN, Qian WJ, Liu T, Shen Y, Camp DG, 2nd, Smith RD (2005) Utilizing human blood plasma for proteomic biomarker discovery. J Proteome Res 4 1073—1085. 

Puroliit S, Podolsky R, Schatz D, Muir A, Hopkins D, Huang YH, She JX (2006) Assessing tire utility of SELDI-TOF and model averaging for serum proteomic biomarker discovery. Proteomics 6(24) 6405-6415. 

Polanski, M and N. Leigh Anderson. 2006. A list of candidate cancer biomark-ersfor targeted proteomics. Biomarker Insight 1, 1-48. 

Pressure-driven separations such as LC, that have demonstrated performance for the separation of peptide mixtures and that enable the loading of large sample amounts, have gained widespread popularity in proteomic applications. In addition, LC eluent compositions are fully compatible with electrospray MS ion sources, making this technique a clearly superior alternative to electrically driven separations which necessitate high-concentration buffer systems that are incompatible with ESI-MS. The proteomic/biomarker chips that are described in this work comprise fully integrated LC systems.33... 

Agoston DV, Gyoigy A, Eidelman O, PoUard HB (2009) Proteomic biomarkers for blast neurotrauma targeting cerebral edema, inflammation, and neuronal death cascades. 1 Neurotrauma 26 901-911... 

While the above study utilized urine, probably no biofluid has attracted the attention of the proteomic biomarker discovery field as serum and plasma. Although the analysis of serum by RPLC-MS has almost become routine, such is not the case for CE-MS. In a proof of principle study to show the efficacy of using CE-MS to find differentially abundant proteins in serum, the group of Sassi et al. analyzed groups of sera that were spiked with different concentrations of known standard peptides. The groups of sera were analyzed by CE-MS and the standard peptides were successfully identified as being differentially abundant with a success rate of 95%. 

Biomarkers can be native to the investigated organism, or they can be external substances or derivatives (metabolites) of external substances. They can be either specific or integral and, from a chemical point of view, they can be almost any type of substance class. In the context of proteomics, biomarkers are mostly... 

Fuchs, D., Vafeiadou, K., Hall, W.L., Daniel, H., Williams, C.M., Schroot, J.H., and Wenzel, U. 2007h. Proteomic biomarkers of peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from postmenopausal women undergoing an intervention with soy isoflavones. Am. 56 1369-1375. 

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