Proteins. 17 ties

Craik DJ (2006) Seamless proteins tie up their loose ends. Science 311 1563-1564... 

Day, A. J. and Prestwich, G. D. (2002). Hyal-uronan-binding proteins tying up the giant. The Journal ofBiological Chemistry 277,4585-4588. 

In 1929, Castie (7) tied the work of Combe and Addison with that of Whipple, Miaot, and Murphy by ptoposiag that both an extrinsic factor and an intrinsic factor ate iavolved ia the coatrol of pernicious anemia. The extrinsic factor, from food, is vitamin 2- Th intrinsic factor is a specific B22-biading protein secreted by the stomach. This protein is requited for vitamin B 2 absorption. 

Chemists teamed the basic composition of siik many years ago, but the reasons why this macromoiecuie is so strong, yet fiexibie, are stiii not fuiiy understood. Recent studies indicate that the secret ties in the way the chains of this protein nestie together. Current research efforts focus on using techniques of genetic engineering to repiicate naturai spider siik on a usefui scaie. 

By far the most studied family of the G-protein-coupled receptors are the rhodopsin-like receptors. These are also the largest group of receptors in number as they include receptors not only for the monoamines, nucleotides, neuropeptides and peptide hormones, but they also include the odorant receptors which number several hundreds of related receptors. These receptors have short N-termini, a conserved disulphide bridge between the TM2-TM3 and TM4—TM5 extracellular domains, and variable-length C-termini. In some cases the C-terminus is myristolyated which by tying the C-terminus to the cell membrane generates a fourth intracellular loop. 

Pentynoic acid, 5 34t People. See also Personnel investment in, 21 624 organizational ties to, 21 627-628 People s Republic of China. See also China demand for oil in, 23 530 oil recovery program in, 23 534 Pepper, pipeline levels in, 23 159 Peptide antibiotics, 18 252-253. See also Antimicrobial peptides Peptide backbone hydrogen bonds, in proteins, 20 826 Peptide mapping, 3 840-841 Peptide nucleic acids, 17 631-634... 

Abbreviations CBP, CREB binding protein CREB, cAMP response element binding protein FAT, factor acetyltransferase HAT, histone acetyltransferase MEL, mixed lineage leukaemia protein MORE, MOZ related factor MOZ, monocytic leukaemia zinc finger protein PHD, plant homeodomain RTS, Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, TIE, transcription intermediary factor... 

Since the enzyme that is most specific in the ubiquitin-conjugation reaction, E3, is also highly regulated, temporal regulation of ubiquitination is easily achieved. For example, if a given E3 is activated by a protein kinase, activation of the E3 is tied to the stimulation of the kinase. For example, phosphorylation activates the ARC ubiquitin ligase. An interesting example is that of serum-inducible kinase (SNK). SNK stimulates... 

On a larger scale, we have ligaments and cartilage, structures that hold joints together and tie muscle to bone. These too are composed of proteins tough, water-insoluble proteins. Principal among them are the collagens. 

Fig. 2.27 GPC spin column ESI-MS determination of MS EC50S. Plot of fraction of known ligand inhibitor non-covalently bound to a fixed amount of kinase protein ([P]o, 5 pM) as a function of initial ligand concentration [L]o. The MS EC50 corresponds to the free ligand concentration [L] when 50% of the initial protein concentration is tied up as protein-ligand complex. At 50% of the...

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